Products manufactured by autofrettage
A method of incremental autofrettage is taught herein, whereby the cycle life of a metal liner in a pressure vessel is increased. This method serves to increase the yield strength of the metal liner through sequential work hardening due to repeated autofrettage at increasing pressures. By incrementally increasing the internal pressure used in the autofrettage process, the compressive stresses at an inner surface of the metal liner may be controlled so that post-pressurization buckling does not occur, yet the yield strength of the metal liner is substantially increased. The higher compressive stresses in the metal liner mean that higher Maximum Expected Operating Pressures (MEOPs) may be used without detracting from the cycle life of the metal liner, or alternatively, for lower pressures, a longer metal liner cycle life may be obtained. Either internal or external pressures may be used, generated by a pressure source, or a suitable die.
1. An incrementally autofrettaged composite pressure vessel, comprising:
a metal liner disposed about an interior volume; and
a material that substantially contacts and is disposed about the metal liner;
wherein the metal liner has been subjected to two or more cycles of incremental autofrettage;
wherein the metal liner comprises two or more regions of autofrettaged yield strength when compared with the metal liner with an initial yield strength prior to any incremental autofrettage; and
wherein a cycle life of the metal liner is increased over the same metal liner having had zero or one cycles of autofrettage when the interior volume is pressurized to a Maximum Expected Operating Pressure (MEOP), thereby producing one cycle of cycle life for the metal liner;
whereby the autofrettaged yield strength is increased over the initial yield strength by a percentage selected from a group of percentages consisting of: ≥10%, ≥20%, ≥30%, ≥40%, and ≥50%; and
whereby the increase in the number of cycles in the cycle life for the metal liner at the MEOP is selected from a group of factors consisting of: ≥2×, ≥5×, ≥10×, ≥20×, ≥50×, ≥100×, ≥200×, ≥500×, and ≥800×.
2. The incrementally autofrettaged composite pressure vessel of claim 1 :
wherein the metal liner comprises a pipe.