Electrolyte and lithium-ion battery containing the same
The present application relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries and, specifically, relates to an electrolyte and a lithium-ion battery containing the electrolyte. The electrolyte of the present application includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent and additives, the additives include a fluorinated ether compound and an ester dimer compound, the ester dimer compound includes carbonate dimers, carboxylate dimers and sultone dimers. The lithium battery adopting the electrolyte of the present application can realize the object of high voltage, of which the highest normal working voltage can be improved to 4.4˜5.0V, and the lithium battery has good cycle performance, such as higher capacity retention rate at charge or discharge and improved service life.
1. An electrolyte, comprising a lithium salt, an organic solvent and additives, the additives comprise additive A, additive B, and additive C, wherein
the additive A contains carboxylate dimer and sultone dimer;
the additive B is selected from a group consisting of fluoroethers and combinations thereof; and
the additive C contains 1,3-propane sultone and vinylene carbonate, and a content of the additive C is from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the electrolyte,
a structural formula of the carboxylate dimer is shown as Formula II:
in Formula II, R 21 and R 23 are respectively selected from a group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 5˜22 heteroaryl, wherein each substituting group is selected from a group consisting of halogens, C 6˜26 aryl and C 3˜8 cyclic alkyl; and
R 22 is selected from a group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 6˜26 arylenes and radical groups composed of at least one ether bond and at least one substituted or unsubstituted C 1˜12 alkylene, wherein each substituting group is selected from a group consisting of halogens;
a structural formula of the sultone dimer is shown as Formula III:
in Formula III, R 31 and R 33 are respectively selected from a group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 5˜22 heteroaryl, wherein each substituting group is selected from a group consisting of halogens, C 6˜26 aryls and C 3˜8 cyclic alkyls; and
R 32 is selected from a group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 6˜26 arylene, and radical groups composed of at least one ether bond and at least one substituted or unsubstituted C 1˜12 alkylene, wherein each substituting group is selected from a group consisting of halogens,
wherein a total content of the additive A and the additive B is from 0.001% to 30% by weight of the electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein a structural formula of the fluoroether compound is shown as Formula IV:
in Formula IV, R 41 and R 42 are respectively selected from a group consisting of C 1˜20 alkyls and C 1˜20 fluoroalkyls; at least one of R 41 and R 42 is a C 1˜20 fluoroalkyl; and the fluoroalkyl is an alkyl of which all or partial hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine.
3. The electrolyte according to claim 2 , wherein the fluoroether compound is selected from a group consisting of CF 3 OCH 3 , CF 3 OC 2 H 6 , F(CF 2 ) 2 OCH 3 , F(CF 2 ) 2 OC 2 H 5 , F(CF 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , F(CF 2 ) 3 OC 2 H 5 , F(CF 2 ) 4 OCH 3 , F(CF 2 ) 4 OC 2 H 5 , F(CF 2 ) 5 OCH 3 , F(CF 2 ) 5 OC 2 H 5 , F(CF 2 ) 8 OCH 3 , F(CF 2 ) 8 OC 2 H 5 , F(CF 2 ) 9 OCH 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OCH 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OCHF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCHF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 O(CF 2 ) 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 O(CF 2 ) 2 F, HCF 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , H(CF 2 ) 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , H(CF 2 ) 2 OCH 2 CF 3 , H(CF 2 ) 2 CH 2 OCHF 2 , H(CF 2 ) 2 CH 2 O(CF 2 ) 2 H, H(CF 2 ) 2 CH 2 O(CF 2 ) 3 H, H(CF 2 ) 3 CH 2 O(CF 2 ) 2 H, (CF 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CHCF 2 OCH 3 , CF 3 CHFCF 2 OCH 3 , CF 3 CHFCF 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , CF 3 CHFCF 2 CH 2 OCHF 2 and combinations thereof.
4. The electrolyte according to claim 2 , wherein R 41 and R 42 are selected from a group consisting of C 1˜9 alkyls and C 1˜9 fluoroalkyls, respectively.
5. A lithium-ion battery, comprising a positive electrode plate containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode plate containing a negative electrode active material, a separator for lithium battery and the electrolyte according to claim 1 .