Dispersive pipette extraction system for purification of large biomolecules
The present invention provides a disposable pipette tip for dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE) that allows for rapid, automatable purification of large biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins and polypeptides without the need for additional tools such as centrifuges, magnetic plates or vacuum manifolds. The pipette tip is designed for optimal biomolecule isolation while maintaining sample integrity. Optimized methods of using the dispersive pipette extraction system for isolation of large biomolecules are also provided.
1. A pipette tip for solid phase extraction comprising:
a housing having a proximal end with a lower opening adapted for passage of a liquid and a distal end with an upper opening dimensioned to fit on the end of a dispenser;
a first frit inside the housing above the lower opening, the first frit: (i) being made of a material that does not bind a biomolecule of interest; and (ii) having an average porosity measured in microns;
a second frit inside the housing and positioned between the first frit and the upper opening; and
a plurality of absorptive particles that bind the biomolecule of interest inside the housing and confined between the first frit and the second frit, the absorptive particles having an average diameter measured in microns,
wherein the absorptive particles and the second frit are spaced apart so as to form a void therebetween, and wherein the void is dimensioned so that the absorptive particles can travel freely within the void allowing thorough mixing between the absorptive particles and a sample solution when the sample solution is in the void; and
wherein the average porosity of the first frit is at least 10 microns larger than the average diameter of the absorptive particles.
2. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the housing has a proximal end with a lower opening having an inner diameter of at least 0.05 inches.
3. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the housing has a first inflection point and a second inflection point, the second inflection point being located closer to the lower opening than the first inflection point, and wherein a taper angle between the lower opening and the second inflection point is 5 degrees or less.
4. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the first frit has an average porosity of 60-80 microns and the absorptive particles have a diameter of 40-70 microns.
5. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the first frit has an average porosity of 70 microns.
6. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the first frit is a porous polymer plug.
7. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the first frit is a porous polymer plug with an average porosity of 60-80 microns.
8. The pipette tip of claim 7 , wherein the first frit is a polyethylene plug, a polypropylene/polyethylene plug or a fluorinated polyethylene plug.
9. The pipette tip of claim 1 , which further comprises a baffle system contained within the housing, wherein the baffle system is shaped to disrupt movement of the absorptive particles when the sample solution is introduced into the housing.
10. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the dispenser is selected from the group consisting of a pipettor, a liquid dispensing apparatus, a robotic liquid dispensing apparatus and a piston head.
11. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the absorptive particles comprise a material selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated materials, silica, derivatized silica, silica/glass materials, ceramic materials, modified polymeric materials, charge switchable resins, negatively charged resins, reverse phase resins, ion exchange resins and affinity resins.
12. The pipette tip of claim 11 , wherein the absorptive particles comprise a reverse phase resin selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene (DVB) resins, C4 resins, C8 resins and C18 resins.
13. The pipette tip of claim 11 , wherein the absorptive particles comprise an ion exchange resin selected from the group consisting of weak anion exchange resins, weak cation exchange resins, strong anion exchange resins and strong cation exchange resins.
14. The pipette tip of claim 11 , wherein the absorptive particles comprise an affinity resin selected from the group consisting of a Protein A resin, a Protein G resin, an IMAC resin, an albumin affinity resin and a titanium oxide resin.
15. The pipette tip of claim 1 , wherein the biomolecule of interest is selected from the group consisting of nucleic acids, proteins, polypeptides, peptides and phosphopeptides.
16. A pipette tip for solid phase extraction comprising:
a housing having a proximal end with a lower opening having an inner diameter of at least 0.05 inches and a distal end with an upper opening dimensioned to fit on the end of a dispenser, wherein the housing has a first inflection point and a second inflection point, the second inflection point being located closer to the lower opening than the first inflection point, wherein a taper angle between the lower opening and the second inflection point is 5 degrees or less;
a first frit inside the housing above the lower opening, the first frit: (i) being made of a material that does not bind a biomolecule of interest; and (ii) having an average porosity measured in microns;
a second frit inside the housing and positioned between the first frit and the upper opening; and
a plurality of absorptive particles that bind the biomolecule of interest inside the housing and confined between the first frit and the second frit, the absorptive particles having an average diameter measured in microns,
wherein the absorptive particles and the second frit are spaced apart so as to form a void therebetween, and wherein the void is dimensioned so that the absorptive particles can travel freely within the void allowing thorough mixing between the absorptive particles and a sample solution when the sample solution is in the void; and
wherein the average porosity of the first frit is at least 10 microns larger than the average diameter of the absorptive particles.