Organic light emitting device
An organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport region includes a first layer that includes a metal oxide and a metal halide, and wherein the first layer is not in direct contact with the emission layer.
1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode; and
an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including:
an emission layer,
a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and
an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,
wherein:
the electron transport region includes a first layer that consists of a metal oxide and a metal halide commingled together,
the commingled metal oxide and metal halide are not in direct contact with the emission layer, and
the commingled metal oxide and metal halide are not in direct contact with the second electrode.
2. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, a rare earth metal oxide, a transition metal oxide, or any combination thereof, and
the metal halide includes an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a rare earth metal halide, or any combination thereof.
3. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, K 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O where 0<x<1, Ba x Ca 1-x O where 0<x<1, ScO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O, CuO, MoO 3 , WO, WO 2 , WO 3 , W 2 O 5 , W 2 O 4 , or any combination thereof, and
the metal halide includes LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, YbF 3 , ScF 3 , GdF 3 , TbF 3 , YbI 3 , ScI 3 , TbI 3 , or any combination thereof.
4. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes a transition metal oxide, and
the metal halide includes an alkali metal halide.
5. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes a copper (Cu) oxide, a molybdenum (Mo) oxide, a tungsten (W) oxide, or any combination thereof, and
the metal halide includes a lithium (Li) halide, a sodium (Na) halide, a potassium (K) halide, a cesium (Cs) halide, or any combination thereof.
6. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes Cu 2 O, CuO, MoO 3 , WO, WO 2 , WO 3 , W 2 O 5 , W 2 O 4 , or any combination thereof, and
the metal halide includes LiF, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or any combination thereof.
7. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide includes CuO, and
the metal halide includes LiF.
8. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide and the metal halide are co-deposited by vacuum deposition to form the first layer.
9. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first layer includes the metal oxide and the metal halide at a weight ratio in a range of about 10:90 to about 90:10.
10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a thickness in a range of about 1 nm to about 50 nm.
11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the electron transport region further includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof, and
at least one layer of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer includes an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.
12. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the electron transport region further includes an electron transport layer,
the electron transport layer is disposed between emission layer and the first layer,
a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the electron transport layer is higher than that of the first layer, and
a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport layer is higher than that of the first layer.
13. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electron transport region further includes:
an electron transport layer interposed between the emission layer and the commingled metal oxide and metal halide, and
an electron injection layer interposed between the second electrode and the commingled metal oxide and metal halide.
14. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the electron transport region further includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, and
the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, the first layer, and the electron injection layer are sequentially arranged in the stated order from the emission layer.
15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the hole transport region includes a p-dopant, and
a LUMO of the p-dopant is about −3.5 electronvolt (eV) or less.
16. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the p-dopant includes a cyano group-containing compound.
17. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the hole transport region includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula 201 and a compound represented by Formula 202:
wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202,
L 201 to L 204 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
L 205 is selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q 201 )-*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 20 alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
xa1 to xa4 are each independently an integer an integer from 0 to 3,
xa5 is an integer from 1 to 10, and
R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
18. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the emission layer further includes a fluorescent dopant, the fluorescent dopant including an arylamine compound or a stylamine compound, or
the emission layer further includes a phosphorescent dopant, the phosphorescent dopant including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), or thulium (Tm).
19. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the emission layer is a first color light-emitting layer, and may further include, between the first electrode and the second electrode, i) at least one second color light-emitting layer, or ii) at least one second color light-emitting layer and at least one third color light-emitting layer,
a maximum emission wavelength of the first color light, a maximum emission wavelength of the second color light, and a maximum emission wavelength of the third color light are the same or different from each other, and
mixed light of the first color light and the second color light or mixed light of the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light is emitted.
20. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the electron injection layer does not include the metal oxide.