Broad-spectrum matrix for contaminated emissions sorbent compounds and method of use
A system and method for removing contaminants from emissions including the use of a matrix for selecting application specific copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) sorbent compounds. The CZTS sorbent compound is a reactive material that removes contaminates from gaseous and/or non-gaseous emissions. The CZTS sorbent compound becomes a broad-spectrum reactive material with enhanced properties when alloyed specifically with precise elements targeting specified contaminates present in application specific emissions. The matrix disclosed herein defines which enhancement element is best suited for application specific compounding. The method may include testing the contaminated emissions and then routing the emissions through one or more specific filters based on pairing contaminates with filters containing corresponding CZTS sorbent compounds.
1. An emissions control system including a fluidized bed apparatus for removing contaminants from emissions comprising:
a housing shaped as a reverse venturi, said housing including an entry portion for receiving the emissions at a pre-determined entry flow rate, an exit portion for expelling the emissions at a pre-determined exit flow rate, and an enlarged portion disposed between said entry portion and said exit portion of said housing for trapping the contaminants in the emissions;
said entry portion, said exit portion, and said enlarged portion of said housing being arranged in fluid communication with each other;
a mass of reactive material disposed within said enlarged portion of said housing;
said mass of reactive material having a reactive outer surface disposed in contact with the emissions; and
said mass of reactive material containing an amalgam forming metal at said reactive outer surface that chemically binds at least some of the contaminants in the emissions that are passing through said enlarged portion of said housing to said reactive outer surface of said mass of reactive material, wherein the mass of reactive material includes a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound.
2. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fluidized bed apparatus is permanently installed on-site.
3. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fluidized bed apparatus is transportable.
4. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fluidized bed apparatus includes a longitudinal plane that is oriented substantially horizontal when said fluidized bed apparatus is configured for gaseous emissions.
5. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fluidized bed apparatus includes a longitudinal plane that is oriented substantially vertical when said fluidized bed apparatus is configured for non-gaseous emissions.
6. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one pre-filter disposed in fluid communication with said fluidized bed apparatus, said at least one pre-filter being arranged upstream of said fluidized bed apparatus with respect to emissions flow, and said at least one pre-filter including a sorbent comprised of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound or an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound.
7. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 6 wherein said sorbent disposed in said at least one pre-filter is an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and includes at least one of the following: sulfur, selenate, and iron.
8. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one post-filter disposed in fluid communication with said fluidized bed apparatus, said at least one pre-filter being arranged downstream of said fluidized bed apparatus with respect to emissions flow, and said at least one pre-filter including a sorbent comprised of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound or an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound.
9. The emissions control system as set forth in claim 8 wherein said sorbent disposed in said at least one post-filter is an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and includes at least one of the following: sulfur, selenate, and iron.
10. An emissions control method for removing contaminants from emissions comprising the steps of:
routing the emissions through at least one pre-filter containing a pre-filter sorbent;
routing the emissions away from the at least one pre-filter and into a treatment system comprised of a reverse venturi shaped fluidized bed apparatus containing a reactive material that chemically binds with heavy metal contaminants carried in the emissions;
trapping the heavy metal contaminants in the reactive material contained in the reverse venturi shaped fluidized bed apparatus;
routing the emissions away from the reverse venturi fluidized bed and into at least one post-filter containing a post-filter sorbent; and
selecting the pre-filter sorbent, the reactive material in the reverse venturi shaped fluidized bed apparatus, and the post-filter sorbent from a group of materials containing a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound.
11. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the group of materials containing a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound includes alloys of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and at least one of the following: sulfur, selenate, and iron.
12. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the group of materials containing a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound consist of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound, an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and sulfur, an alloy of copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and selenate, and an alloy of a copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound and iron.
13. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the pre-filter sorbent, the reactive material in the reverse venturi fluidized bed apparatus, and the post-filter sorbent are all made of the same copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound containing material.
14. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the pre-filter sorbent, the reactive material in the reverse venturi fluidized bed apparatus, and the post-filter sorbent are made of different copper, zinc, tin, sulfide (CZTS) compound containing materials.
15. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
identifying a type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one pre-filter;
determining which pre-filter sorbent is selected based upon the type and amount of the contaminates identified.
16. The method as set forth in claim 15 wherein the step of identifying the type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one pre-filter is performed intermittently at periodic intervals.
17. The method as set forth in claim 15 wherein the step of identifying the type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one pre-filter is performed continuously.
18. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
identifying a type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one post-filter;
determining which post-filter sorbent is selected based upon the type and amount of the contaminates identified.
19. The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the step of identifying the type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one post-filter is performed intermittently at periodic intervals.
20. The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the step of identifying the type and amount of the contaminates routed to the at least one post-filter is performed continuously.
21. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
separating the pre-filter sorbent and the post-filter sorbent from the contaminates captured and removed from the emissions; and
reusing the pre-filter sorbent and the post-filter sorbent by routing the pre-filter sorbent back into the at least one pre-filter and the post-filter sorbent back into the at least one post-filter after the contaminates are separated from the pre-filter sorbent and the post-filter sorbent.