Compliant solid-state ionically conductive composite electrolytes and materials
Provided herein are ionically conductive solid-state compositions that include ionically conductive inorganic particles in a matrix of an organic material. The resulting composite material has high ionic conductivity and mechanical properties that facilitate processing. In particular embodiments, the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are compliant and may be cast as films. In some embodiments of the present invention, solid-state electrolytes including the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are provided. In some embodiments of the present invention, electrodes including the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are provided. The present invention further includes embodiments that are directed to methods of manufacturing the ionically conductive solid-state compositions and batteries incorporating the ionically conductive solid-state compositions.
1. A solid-state composition comprising:
an ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material;
a first component, wherein the first component is a non-ionically conductive polymer having a number average molecular weight of between 500 g/mol and 50,000 g/mol; and
a binder, wherein the binder is a non-ionically conductive polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 100 kg/mol, wherein
the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material constitutes at least 40% by weight of the solid-state composition, the first component constitutes at least 10% by weight of the solid-state composition, and the binder constitutes between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the solid-state composition, wherein
the solid-state composition has an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10 −4 S·cm −1 .
2. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state composition does not include an added salt.
3. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
4. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component is polybutadiene (PBD).
5. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component is polystyrene.
6. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component is a cyclic olefin polymer.
7. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component is a polyalkyl, polyaromatic, or polysiloxane polymer having end groups selected from cyano, thiol, amide, amino, sulfonic acid, epoxy, carboxyl, or hydroxyl groups.
8. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises styrene.
9. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder is styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene (SEBS).
10. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein particles of the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material are dispersed in a matrix of an organic phase comprising the first component and the binder.
11. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state composition is an electrolyte.
12. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than −50° C.
13. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder has a glass transition temperature greater than 70° C.
14. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than −50° C. and the binder has a glass transition temperature greater than 70° C.
15. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material, the first component, and the binder together constitute at least 90% of the solid-state composition by weight.
16. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material, the first component, and the binder together constitute at least 99% of the solid-state composition by weight.
17. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state composition is a film having a thickness of no more than 250 microns.
18. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state composition is a film having a thickness between 5 and 50 microns.
19. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state composition does not solvate polysulfides.
20. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a viscosity of between 2000 cp and 3,000,000 cp at 25° C.
21. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a number average molecular weight of the polymer ranges from about 500 g/mol to 25,000 g/mol.
22. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component and the binder together constitute between 10% and 60% by weight of the solid-state composition.
23. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component and the binder together constitute between 10% and 35% by weight of the solid-state composition.
24. The solid-state composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material conducts lithium ions.
25. A battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a solid-state electrolyte composition operatively associated with the anode and cathode, wherein the solid-state electrolyte composition comprises (a) an ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material; (b) a first component, wherein the first component is a non-ionically conductive, polymer having a number average molecular weight of between 500 g/mol and 50,000 g/mol; and (c) a binder, wherein the binder is a non-ion conducting polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 100 kg/mol, wherein the ionically conductive amorphous inorganic material constitutes at least 40% by weight of the solid-state electrolyte composition, the first component constitutes at least 10% by weight of the electrolyte solid-state composition, and the binder constitutes between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the solid-state electrolyte composition.
26. The solid-state composition of claim 4 , wherein the PBD backbone has end groups selected from cyano, thiol, amide, amino, sulfonic acid, epoxy, carboxyl, or hydroxyl groups.
27. The solid-state composition of claim 4 , wherein the PBD backbone has hydroxyl end groups.
28. The solid-state composition of claim 4 , wherein the PBD has 60/20/20 trans/vinyl/cis bonds.