Method for starting a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system
The invention relates to a starting method for a fuel cell system ( 100 ), particularly for an air/air start of the fuel cell system ( 100 ). The method enables the reduction of damaging half-cell voltages in the fuel cell stack ( 10 ) through voltage limitation by means of a DC voltage converter. The homogeneous flushing of the fuel cell stack ( 10 ) required for this takes place by means of introduction of an anode operating medium into an anode inlet channel ( 17 ) of the otherwise sealed fuel cell stack ( 10 ) until a predetermined pressure is reached and flushing of the active areas of the fuel cells ( 11 ) of the stack ( 10 ) after said pressure is reached through opening of an anode discharge adjusting aid ( 26 ), preferably arranged in an exhaust coupling ( 29 ) connecting the anode exhaust line ( 22 ) and the cathode exhaust line ( 31 ). In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, a provision is to improve the mass flow of the anode operating medium in an anode supply ( 20 ) of the fuel cell stack ( 10 ) through suitable operation of a recirculation conveying mechanism ( 27 ). Another subject matter of the invention is also a fuel cell system ( 100 ) with a control unit ( 70 ) for implementing the method according to the invention.
1. A method comprising:
starting a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a plurality of fuel cells, the starting including:
blocking an anode discharge adjusting means in an anode exhaust line of an anode supply;
detecting a pressure in an anode inlet channel of a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system;
introducing an anode operating medium into an anode supply line until reaching a threshold pressure in the anode inlet channel;
evenly distributing the anode operating medium in the anode inlet channel;
preventing the anode operating medium from entering the plurality of fuel cells;
opening of the anode discharge adjusting means after reaching the threshold pressure in the anode inlet channel
introducing of the anode operating medium by means of subcritical operation of an operating medium conveying mechanism; and
converting to a supercritical operation of the operating medium conveying mechanism before or at the same time as the opening of the anode discharge adjusting means.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
setting a voltage limit of a DC voltage converter and establishing an electrical connection between the DC voltage converter and at least one fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells before the introducing of the anode operating medium into the anode supply line.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising creating an electrical current with depletion of oxygen by evenly flowing the anode operating medium into an active area of the plurality of fuel cells after the opening of the anode discharge adjusting means.
4. The method according to of claim 1 , further comprising:
activating of a recirculation conveying mechanism arranged in a recirculation line connecting the anode supply line and the anode exhaust line before or at the same time as the opening of the anode discharge adjusting means.
5. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising:
blocking the recirculation line or operating the recirculation conveying mechanism in reverse mode during the introducing of the anode operating medium; and
unblocking the recirculation line or converting the recirculation conveying mechanism to normal mode before or at the same time as the opening of the anode discharge adjusting means.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
recording a stack voltage according to a predetermined first time frame;
determining a second time frame by means of the recorded stack voltage; and
closing the anode discharge adjusting means after the first time frame and the second time frame.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
blocking a first cathode separator, a second cathode separator, the first cathode separator in a cathode supply line and the second cathode separator in a cathode exhaust line; and
activating of a compressor in the cathode supply line in response to a wastegate adjusting means opening before opening of the anode discharging adjusting means.
8. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising:
closing of the wastegate adjusting means by means of a control process;
opening of the first cathode separator and of the second cathode separator; and
converting to a controlled operation of the wastegate adjusting means.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
recording a stack voltage according to a predetermined first time frame;
determining a second time frame by means of the recorded stack voltage; and
closing the anode discharge adjusting means in response to exceeding a threshold concentration of the anode operating medium in the fuel cell stack, the anode exhaust line, or a cathode exhaust line.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
recording a stack voltage according to a predetermined first time frame;
determining a second time frame by means of the recorded stack voltage; and
closing the anode discharge adjusting means in response to a voltage or current plateau.