Optogenetic tool for rapid and reversible clustering of proteins
A protein construct including a gene encoding a light-sensitive protein fused to at least one of either a low complexity sequence, an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR), or a repeating sequence of a linker and another gene encoding a light-sensitive protein. Among the many different possibilities contemplated, the protein construct may also advantageously include cleavage tags. This protein construct may be utilized for a variety of functions, including a method for protein purification, which requires introducing the protein construct into a living cell, and inducing the formation of clusters by irradiating the construct with light. The method may also advantageously include cleaving a target protein from an IDR, and separating the clusters via centrifuge. A kit for practicing in vivo aggregation or liquid-liquid phase separation is also included, the kit including the protein construct and a light source capable of producing a wavelength that the light-sensitive protein will respond to.
1. A protein construct comprising:
a first segment comprising at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light; and
a second segment fused to the first segment, the second segment comprising an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR),
wherein said first segment and said second segment are heterologous.
2. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the IDR is at least a portion of FUS.
3. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light is Cry2.
4. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one wavelength of light is a visible wavelength of light between and including 400 and 800 nm.
5. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the IDR is at least a portion of FUS, the at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light is Cry2, and the N-terminal IDR of FUS is fused to a photolyase homology region of Cry2.
6. The protein construct according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one fluorophore fused between the first segment and the second segment.
7. The protein construct according to claim 6 , wherein the fluorophore is mCherry.
8. The protein construct according to claim 6 , wherein the IDR is at least a portion of FUS, the at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light is Cry2, and wherein the IDR is fused to a mCherry-labeled Cry2 photolyase homology region.
9. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the IDR is at least a portion of Ddx4.
10. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the IDR is at least a portion of hnRNPA1.
11. The protein construct according to claim 1 , wherein the second segment further comprises at least one fluorophore fused to the at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light.
12. A method for clustering protein constructs, comprising the steps of:
i) providing a protein construct comprising:
a first segment comprising at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light;
a second segment fused to the first segment, the second segment comprising an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR), and
a third segment comprising at least one target protein to be purified,
wherein seed first, second, and the third segments are heterologous,
ii) introducing the protein construct into a living cell; and
iii) inducing the protein construct within the living cell to cluster by exposing the protein construct to at least one predetermined wavelength of light at a predetermined intensity for a predetermined period of time,
wherein the protein constructs cluster in response to the light.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein inducing the protein construct to cluster modifies at least one of the transport or reactivity of molecules within the living cell.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein inducing the protein construct to cluster causes intermolecular interactions, protein activation or inactivation, manipulation of signaling pathways, or gene expression through the induction of membrane-less bodies.
15. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising the steps of:
separating the protein construct via centrifuge.
16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the protein construct further comprises a cleavage tag fused between the second segment and the third segment.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the cleavage tag is selected from the group consisting of: Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease (3C/PreScission), Enterokinase (EKT), Factor Xa (FXa), Tobacco Etch Virus Protease (TEV), and Thrombin (Thr).
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the cleavage tag is a self cleaving tag.
19. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising the steps of:
cleaving the target protein from the protein construct; and
exposing the at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light to the at least one predetermined wavelength of light.
20. A kit for inducing in vivo aggregation or liquid-liquid phase separation, comprising:
one or more aliquots of composition comprising: a protein construct comprising:
a first segment comprising at least one protein sensitive to at least one wavelength of light; and
a second segment fused to the first segment, the second segment comprising an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR),
wherein said first segment and said second segment are heterologous, and
at least one light emitting device configured to activate at least a portion of the protein construct.