Circuit
The disclosure relates to a circuit comprising a balun portion, a balanced side impedance transforming element and an unbalanced side impedance transforming element. The balun portion at least partly transforms the signal between a balanced signal input/output terminal and an unbalanced signal input/output terminal. The impedance transforming elements at least partly alter the impedance presented at the balanced and unbalanced side of the balun. In addition at least one matching transmission element is provided. By separating the role of impedance transformation from balun signal conversion, the useful bandwidth of the circuit can be improved in comparison to a balun that provides both signal conversion and impedance transformation functions.
1. A circuit comprising:
a first balanced terminal;
a second balanced terminal;
an unbalanced terminal;
a ground terminal;
a balun portion comprising:
a first balanced node, a second balanced node, an unbalanced node connected to the unbalanced terminal,
a first transmission line with a first end and a second end, the second end of the first transmission line connected to the unbalanced node,
a second transmission line with a first end and a second end, the second transmission line capacitively and/or inductively coupled to the first transmission line, the first end of the second transmission line connected to the first balanced node, wherein the second end of the second transmission line is connected to the ground terminal,
a third transmission line with a first end and a second end, the first end of the third transmission line connected to the first end of the first transmission line, wherein the second end of the third transmission line is connected to the ground terminal,
a fourth transmission line with a first end and a second end, the first end of the fourth transmission line connected to the second balanced node, the fourth transmission line capacitively and/or inductively coupled to the third transmission line, wherein the second end of the fourth transmission line is connected to the ground terminal, and
at least one matching transmission element configured to present an impedance at one of the first balanced node, second balanced node or unbalanced node; and
a balanced side impedance transforming element comprising:
a fifth transmission line connected between the first balanced terminal and the first balanced node of the balun portion, and
a sixth transmission line connected between the second balanced terminal and the second balanced node of the balun portion, the sixth transmission line capacitively and/or inductively coupled to the fifth transmission line; and
an unbalanced side impedance transforming element connected between the unbalanced terminal and the unbalanced node of the balun portion, wherein each of the unbalanced side impedance transforming element, the balanced side impedance transforming element, and the balun portion has an electrical length equivalent to λ/4 relative to an operating frequency.
2. The circuit of claim 1 comprising a planar dielectric layer, wherein the transmission lines and/or transmission elements are disposed on the dielectric layer.
3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein each pair of coupled transmission lines are broad-side coupled transmission lines, wherein the respective pairs of broad-side coupled transmission lines are disposed on opposing surfaces of the planar dielectric layer.
4. The circuit of claim 1 comprising an impedance tuning capacitor connected between the first balanced node and the second balanced node.
5. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the balun portion comprises a first DC decoupling capacitor and a second DC decoupling capacitor,
wherein the first DC decoupling capacitor is connected between the second end of the second transmission line and the ground terminal, and
wherein the second DC decoupling capacitor is connected between the second end of the fourth transmission line and the ground terminal.
6. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the unbalanced side impedance transforming element comprises a transmission line connected between the unbalanced terminal and the second end of the second transmission line.
7. The circuit of claim 1 wherein each transmission line comprises a strip-line or micro-strip.
8. The circuit of claim 1 comprising an amplifier having a first amplifier output terminal connected to the first balanced terminal and a second amplifier output terminal coupled to the second balanced terminal.
9. A UHF or VHF transmitter comprising the circuit of claim 1 .
10. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the fifth and sixth transmission line are configured to provide a suppression or rejection for even mode signals at the first and second balanced terminals.
11. The circuit of claim 10 , wherein the fifth and sixth transmission lines are configured to provide an equivalent of an open circuit for even mode signals at the first and second balanced terminals.
12. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one matching transmission element comprises:
a first matching transmission element coupled between the first end of the second transmission line and the first balanced node;
a second matching transmission element coupled between the first end of the fourth transmission line and the second balanced node; and/or
a third matching transmission element coupled between the second end of the first transmission line and the unbalanced node,
wherein each of the transmission elements is implemented using a transmission line or a bond wire, and
wherein each of the first, second and third matching elements is provided or wherein only the first and second matching elements are provided or wherein only the third matching element is provided.
13. The circuit of claim 12 , wherein only the third matching element is provided and wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth transmission line and the third matching element have an electrical length equivalent to λ/8.