Organic electroluminescent materials and devices
New organometallic complexes having bis- or tris-heteroleptic ligands and large aspect ratio in one direction and their use in OLEDs to enhance the efficiency is disclosed.
1. A compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein rings A, B, C, D, E, and F are each a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein at least one of A and B, at least one of C and D, and at least one of E and F are a heterocyclic ring;
wherein in Formula I:
ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring E, and ring C is trans to ring F in a octahedral coordination configuration;
wherein in Formula II:
ligands A-B and C-D, and one acetylacetonate ligand form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B and C-D are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to oxygen atom, and ring C is trans to oxygen atom in a octahedral coordination configuration;
wherein in Formula III:
L 1 and L 3 each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof;
n 1 , n 2 each independently is 0 or 1;
wherein n 1 is 1, n 2 is 1, or both n 1 is 1 and n 2 is 1,
when n 1 or n 2 is 1, L 2 or L 4 is selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof; and
when n 1 or n 2 is 0, L 2 or L 4 is not present;
Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond and oxygen;
when any of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 is nitrogen, the Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 attached thereto is a direct bond;
ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring C in a square-planar coordination configuration;
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each represents mono to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
wherein M 1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ir, Os, Rh, Ru, and Re; M 2 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Pt and Pd;
wherein a first distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a second distance is the distance between the atom in R 2 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 5 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a third distance is the distance between the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 6 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a fourth distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein a fifth distance is the distance between the atom in R2 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein the first distance is longer than the second distance and the third distance each by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein the fourth distance is longer than the fifth distance by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two substituents among R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are optionally joined or fused into a ring.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M 1 is Ir, M 2 is Pt.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein rings A, B, C, D, E, and F are each independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, and imidazole.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein rings A, C, and E in Formula I and III, and rings A and D in Formula II are phenyl.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein rings B, D, and F in Formula I and III, and rings B and C in Formula II are selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazole, and pyrazole.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, silyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and combinations thereof.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the rings A, B, C, D, E, and F is fused by another 5- or 6-membered ring.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein in Formula I, at least one of (i), (ii), and (iii) is true, wherein (i) one R 1 connects to one R 2 , (ii) one R 3 connects to one R 4 , (iii) one R 5 connects to one R 6 ; and
in Formula II, at least one of (i) and (ii) is true, wherein (i) one R 1 connects to one R 2 , (ii) one R 3 connects to one R 4 .
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the bidentate ligand A-B, C-D, and E-F are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X 1 to X 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of BR′, NR′, PR′, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″;
wherein R′ and R″ are optionally fused or joined to form a ring;
wherein R a , R b , R c , and R d each represents from mono substitution to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein R′, R″, R a , R b , R c , and R d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two substitutents among R a , R b , R c , and R d are optionally fused or joined to form a ring.
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula III is selected from the group consisting of:
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and Se;
wherein X′ is carbon or nitrogen;
wherein R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , and R 4′ each represents mono to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , and R 4′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two substituents among R, R′, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are optionally joined or fused into a ring.
12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein at least one R 1 is para to N coordinated to Ir, and at least one R 4 is para to carbon coordinated to Ir.
13. The compound of claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 1 and R 1′ and at least one of R 4 and R 4′ is selected from the group consisting of:
14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
15. An organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound having the Formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein rings A, B, C, D, E, and F are each a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein at least one of A and B, at least one of C and D, and at least one of E and F are a heterocyclic ring;
wherein in Formula I:
ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring E, and ring C is trans to ring F in a octahedral coordination configuration;
wherein in Formula II:
ligands A-B and C-D, and one acetylacetonate ligand form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B and C-D are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to oxygen atom, and ring C is trans to oxygen atom in a octahedral coordination configuration; wherein in Formula III:
L 1 and L 3 each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof;
n 1 , n 2 each independently is 0 or 1;
wherein n 1 is 1, n 2 is 1, or both n 1 is 1 and n 2 is 1,
when n 1 or n 2 is 1, L 2 or L 4 is selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof; and
when n 1 or n 2 is 0, L 2 or L 4 is not present;
Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond and oxygen;
when any of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 is nitrogen, the Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 attached thereto is a direct bond;
ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring C in a square-planar coordination configuration;
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each represents mono to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
wherein M 1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ir, Os, Rh, Ru, and Re; M 2 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Pt and Pd;
wherein a first distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a second distance is the distance between the atom in R 2 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 5 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a third distance is the distance between the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 6 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a fourth distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein a fifth distance is the distance between the atom in R 2 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein the first distance is longer than the second distance and the third distance each by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein the fourth distance is longer than the fifth distance by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two substituents among R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are optionally joined or fused into a ring.
16. The OLED of claim 15 , wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound is an emissive dopant or a non-emissive dopant.
17. The OLED of claim 15 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein host comprises at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene.
18. The OLED of claim 15 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of:
and combinations thereof.
19. A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein rings A, B, C, D, E, and F are each a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein at least one of A and B, at least one of C and D, and at least one of E and F are a heterocyclic ring;
wherein in Formula I:
ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B, C-D, and E-F are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring E, and ring C is trans to ring F in a octahedral coordination configuration;
wherein in Formula II:
ligands A-B and C-D, and one acetylacetonate ligand form three bidentate ligands coordinated to metal M 1 ;
wherein ligands A-B and C-D are different from each other;
wherein ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to oxygen atom, and ring C is trans to oxygen atom in a octahedral coordination configuration;
wherein in Formula III:
L 1 and L 3 each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof;
n 1 , n 2 each independently is 0 or 1;
wherein n1 is 1, n2 is 1, or both n1 is 1 and n2 is 1,
when n 1 or n 2 is 1, L 2 or L 4 is selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, and combinations thereof; and
when n 1 or n 2 is 0, L 2 or L 4 is not present;
Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond and oxygen;
when any of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 is nitrogen, the Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 attached thereto is a direct bond;
ring A is trans to ring D, ring B is trans to ring C in a square-planar coordination configuration;
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each represents mono to the maximum possible rnumber of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
wherein M 1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ir, Os, Rh, Ru, and Re; M 2 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Pt and Pd;
wherein a first distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a second distance is the distance between the atom in R 2 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 5 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a third distance is the distance between the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 1 to the atom in R 6 that is the farthest away from M 1 ;
wherein a fourth distance is the distance between the atom in R 1 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 4 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein a fifth distance is the distance between the atom in R 2 that is the farthest away from M 2 to the atom in R 3 that is the farthest away from M 2 ;
wherein the first distance is longer than the second distance and the third distance each by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein the fourth distance is longer than the fifth distance by at least 1.5 Å;
wherein R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two substituents among R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are optionally joined or fused into a ring.
20. The consumer product of claim 19 , wherein the consumer product is selected from the group consisting of flat panel displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablets, phablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays, 3-D displays, virtual reality or augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater or stadium screen, and a sign.