Methods and compositions for affecting the flavor and aroma profile of consumables
This document relates to food products containing highly conjugated heterocyclic rings complexed to an iron ion and one or more flavor precursors, and using such food products to modulate the flavor and/or aroma profile of other foods. The food products described herein can be prepared in various ways and can be formulated to be free of animal products.
1. A ground beef-like food product, comprising:
a) 0.01%-5% by weight of a heme-containing protein;
b) a compound selected from glucose, ribose, fructose, lactose, xylose, arabinose, glucose-6-phosphate, maltose, and galactose, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
c) at least 1.5 mM of a compound selected from cysteine, cystine, thiamine, methionine, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and
d) one or more plant proteins,
wherein the ground beef-like food product contains no animal product;
wherein cooking the ground beef-like food product results in the production of at least two volatile compounds which have a beef-associated aroma.
2. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , comprising at least 10 mM of a compound selected from cysteine, cystine, thiamine, methionine, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
3. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein the heme-containing protein is a globin.
4. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein the heme-containing protein comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to a polypeptide set forth in SEQ ID NOs. 1-26.
5. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of inosine, inosine monophosphate (IMP), guanosine, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
6. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, caffeic acid, propyl gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate.
7. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of a vegetable oil, an algal oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, palm fruit oil, palm kernel oil, safflower oil, flaxseed oil, rice bran oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, canola oil, flaxseed oil, coconut oil, and mango oil.
8. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , comprising a textured vegetable protein.
9. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein the ground beef-like food product has a pink to red color before cooking to indicate a raw or uncooked state.
10. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the ground beef-like food product, upon cooking, transitions in color from a pink to red color in a raw or uncooked state to a lighter pink to brown color in a partially cooked to fully cooked state.
11. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , comprising about 5.6 to about 20 mM of the compound selected from glucose, ribose, fructose, lactose, xylose, arabinose, glucose-6-phosphate, maltose, and galactose, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
12. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , comprising about 0.8 mM to about 10 mM cysteine.
13. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , comprising about 0.1 mM to about 2 mM thiamine.
14. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein the at least two volatile compounds are selected from 2-methyl-furan, bis(2-methyl-3-furyl)disulfide, 2-pentyl-furan, 3,3′-dithiobis-2-methyl-furan, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, dihydro-3-(2H)-thiophenone, 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl-thiazole, dimethyl sulfide, decanal, 5-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone, 2-octanone, 3,5-octadien-2-one, p-Cresol, and hexanoic acid.
15. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein cooking comprises heating the ground beef-like food product at 150° C. for about 3 to about 5 minutes.
16. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of acetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha linolenic acid, gamma linolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, and erucic acid.
17. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein cooking the ground beef-like food product results in the production of at least five volatile compounds which have a beef-associated aroma.
18. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein cooking the ground beef-like food product results in the production of at least ten volatile compounds which have a beef-associated aroma.
19. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein cooking the ground beef-like food product results in the production of at least twenty volatile compounds which have a beef-associated aroma.
20. The ground beef-like food product of claim 1 , wherein the at least two volatile compounds are 2-methyl-furan and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl)disulfide.