Power supply having four quadrant converter and techniques for operation
A power supply, including a primary pre-converter, coupled to supplying mains, configured to receive an AC voltage at low frequency and output a high DC voltage, and further configured to receive the high DC voltage and to output the alternating current; a primary converter, disposed on a primary side of the power supply, coupled to the high DC voltage from the primary pre-converter; an isolating transformer to receive the high frequency AC voltage and output a high frequency secondary AC voltage, and to receive a high frequency secondary AC current and to output primary high frequency AC current; and an output converter, on a secondary side of the power supply, wherein the output converter is configured to receive high frequency AC voltage from the isolating transformer and to output a DC voltage of a first or second polarity to an output, and wherein the output converter is configured to receive DC current of a first or second direction from the output and to output a high frequency AC current to the isolating transformer.
1. A power supply, comprising:
a primary pre-converter, the primary pre-converter coupled to receive power from supplying mains, and configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage at low frequency and output a high DC voltage, and further configured to receive the high DC voltage and to output the alternating current;
a primary converter, the primary converter disposed on a primary side of the power supply and coupled to the high DC voltage from the primary pre-converter;
an isolating transformer coupled to receive a high frequency AC voltage from the primary converter and output a high frequency secondary AC voltage, and coupled to receive a high frequency secondary AC current and to output primary high frequency AC current; and
an output converter, the output converter being disposed on a secondary side of the power supply, wherein the output converter is configured to receive high frequency AC voltage from the isolating transformer and to output a DC voltage of a first or of a second polarity to an output, and wherein the output converter is configured to receive DC current of a first or a second direction from the output and to output a high frequency AC current to the isolating transformer;
wherein the isolating transformer comprises a secondary winding having a first end, a second end and a central tap, the output converter comprising:
a four-state controlled conductivity switch, including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch and the second switch having four-state controlled conductivity,
wherein in response to a control signal, the output converter is configured to:
conduct a current flow in a first direction and block the current flow in a second direction,
to conduct the current flow in the second direction and block the current flow in the first direction,
to block the current flow in the first direction and the second direction, or
to conduct the current in the first direction and the second direction, and
wherein the isolating transformer comprises:
a first auxiliary winding coupled to the first end of the secondary winding;
a second auxiliary winding coupled to the second end of the secondary winding;
a first auxiliary controlled rectifier, wherein a first side of the first auxiliary controlled rectifier is coupled to an end of the first auxiliary winding; and
a second auxiliary controlled rectifier, wherein a first side of the second auxiliary controlled rectifier is coupled to the end of the first auxiliary winding, and
wherein a second side of the first auxiliary controlled rectifier and the second side of the second auxiliary controlled rectifier are coupled together to the first switch and to the second switch.
2. The power supply of claim 1 , comprising an input capacitor, the input capacitor being disposed across a DC link between the primary pre-converter and the primary converter, the input capacitor coupled to balance a power flow between the primary pre-converter and the primary converter by a reception of reverse current, the reverse current flowing from the secondary side to the primary side.
3. The power supply of claim 1 , further comprising a control system, the control system coupled to the primary converter and to the output converter, the control system providing control signals to the primary converter and the output converter, wherein the control signals determine bipolar output voltage and bidirectional power flow operation.
4. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the primary converter is configured to control power delivered to the secondary side by controlling an average output voltage by means of pulse width modulation, and configured to force conditions of operation of the output converter.
5. The power supply of claim 1 , the output converter comprising a plurality of switches and rectifiers that rectify secondary high frequency AC voltage taken from the isolating transformer to a DC voltage of a first or a second polarity, or by combination of two polarities to create an AC voltage of the low frequency.
6. The power supply of claim 1 , the output converter comprising a plurality of switches and rectifiers, the output converter configured to invert with high frequency an output current flowing in a first or a second direction and to feed the isolating transformer with AC current of a high frequency.
7. The power supply of claim 1 ,
wherein a first side of the first switch is coupled to the first end of the secondary winding; and
wherein a first side of the second switch is coupled to the second end of the secondary winding,
wherein a second side of the first switch and a second side of the second switch are coupled to a first output pole, directly or indirectly through an inductor; and
wherein a second output pole is coupled to the central tap of the isolating transformer, directly or through the inductor.
8. The power supply of claim 1 ,
wherein the four-state controlled conductivity switch further comprises:
two switches of unidirectionally controlled conductivity, connected in series; and
two rectifiers,
wherein a first rectifier is connected in parallel to the first switch to provide permanent conductivity in a first given direction, opposite to a second given direction controlled by the first switch,
wherein a second rectifier is connected in parallel to the second switch to provide a permanent conductivity in third given direction, opposite to a fourth given direction controlled by the second switch, and
wherein the first rectifier and the second rectifier are connected in series, having opposite directions.
9. The power supply of claim 1 ,
wherein the four-state controlled conductivity switch further comprises two controlled rectifiers, connected in parallel, and
wherein a first controlled rectifier is connected in a direction opposite to a direction of a second controlled rectifier.
10. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the primary converter comprises:
a primary inverter, configured to receive the high DC voltage and to output high frequency AC voltage; and
a primary rectifier, configured to receive a high frequency AC current and output a DC current.
11. A power supply, comprising:
a primary pre-converter, the primary pre-converter coupled to receive power from supplying mains, and configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage at low frequency and output a high DC voltage, and further configured to receive the high DC voltage and to output the alternating current;
a primary converter, the primary converter disposed on a primary side of the power supply and coupled to the high DC voltage from the primary pre-converter;
an isolating transformer coupled to receive a high frequency AC voltage from the primary converter and output a high frequency secondary AC voltage, and coupled to receive a high frequency secondary AC current and to output primary high frequency AC current; and
an output converter, the output converter being disposed on a secondary side of the power supply, wherein the output converter is configured to receive high frequency AC voltage from the isolating transformer and to output a DC voltage of a first or of a second polarity to an output, and wherein the output converter is configured to receive DC current of a first or a second direction from the output and to output a high frequency AC current to the isolating transformer,
wherein the isolating transformer comprises a secondary winding having a first end, a second end and a central tap, the output converter comprising:
a four-state controlled conductivity switch, including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch and the second switch having four-state controlled conductivity,
wherein in response to a control signal, the output converter is configured to:
conduct a current flow in a first direction and block the current flow in a second direction,
to conduct the current flow in the second direction and block the current flow in the first direction,
to block the current flow in the first direction and the second direction, or
to conduct the current in the first direction and the second direction, and
wherein the isolating transformer comprises:
a first auxiliary winding, coupled to the first end of the secondary winding;
a second auxiliary winding, coupled to the second end of the secondary winding;
a first auxiliary four-state controlled conductivity switch, wherein a first side of a first controlled auxiliary switch is coupled to the first auxiliary winding; and
a second auxiliary four-state controlled conductivity switch, wherein a first side of a second auxiliary controlled switch is coupled to the second auxiliary winding,
and wherein a second side of the first auxiliary switch and a second side of the second auxiliary switch are coupled together to the second side of the first auxiliary four-state controlled conductivity switch and the second side of the second auxiliary four-state controlled conductivity switch.
12. The power supply of claim 11 , comprising an input capacitor, the input capacitor being disposed across a DC link between the primary pre-converter and the primary converter, the input capacitor coupled to balance a power flow between the primary pre-converter and the primary converter by a reception of reverse current, the reverse current flowing from the secondary side to the primary side.
13. The power supply of claim 11 , further comprising a control system, the control system coupled to the primary converter and to the output converter, the control system providing control signals to the primary converter and the output converter, wherein the control signals determine bipolar output voltage and bidirectional power flow operation.
14. The power supply of claim 11 , wherein the primary converter is configured to control power delivered to the secondary side by controlling an average output voltage by means of pulse width modulation, and configured to force conditions of operation of the output converter.
15. The power supply of claim 11 , the output converter comprising a plurality of switches and rectifiers that rectify secondary high frequency AC voltage taken from the isolating transformer to a DC voltage of a first or a second polarity, or by combination of two polarities to create an AC voltage of the low frequency.
16. The power supply of claim 11 , the output converter comprising a plurality of switches and rectifiers, the output converter configured to invert with high frequency an output current flowing in a first or a second direction and to feed the isolating transformer with AC current of a high frequency.
17. The power supply of claim 11 , wherein the primary converter comprises:
a primary inverter, configured to receive the high DC voltage and to output high frequency AC voltage; and
a primary rectifier, configured to receive a high frequency AC current and output a DC current.