Methods and compositions for treating schizophrenia

1. A method of increasing the therapeutic index of an antipsychotic or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, or prodrug thereof in a method of treating schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in a subject in need or at risk thereof, comprising administering a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, or prodrug thereof in combination with the antipsychotic or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, or prodrug thereof to said subject, wherein the SV2A inhibitor is present:

a) in an amount of 0.07-350 mg;

b) in an amount of 50-250 mg;

c) in an amount of 3-50 mg; or

d) in an amount less than 350 mg, less than 250 mg, less than 200 mg, less than 150 mg, less than 100 mg, less than 50 mg, less than 10 mg, less than 5 mg, less than 1 mg, less than 0.5 mg, less than 0.1 mg, or less than 0.07 mg.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic index of the antipsychotic when administered with the SV2A inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, or prodrug thereof is greater than the therapeutic index of the antipsychotic when administered in the absence of the SV2A inhibitor or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, or prodrug thereof by at least about 1.5×, or 2.0×, or 2.5×, or 3.0×, or 3.5×, or 4.0×, or 4.5×, or 5.0×, or 5.5×, or 6.0×, or 6.5×, or 7.0×, or 7.5×, or 8.0×, or 8.5×, or 9.0×, or 9.5×, or 10×, or greater than about 10×.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SV2A inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of levetiracetam, brivaracetam, and seletracetam, and derivatives, analogs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antipsychotic is:

a) selected from the group consisting of aripiprazole, asenapine, clozapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, lurasidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs, and prodrugs thereof;

b) selected from the group consisting of aripiprazole, olanzapine and ziprasidone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof;

c) selected from the group consisting of acepromazine, benperidol, bromazepam, bromperidol, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, clotiapine, cyamemazine, diazepam, dixyrazine, droperidol, flupentixol, fluphenazine, fluspirilene, haloperidol, heptaminol, isopropamide iodide, levomepromazine, levosulpiride, loxapine, melperone, mesoridazine, molindone, oxypertine, oxyprothepine, penfluridol, perazine, periciazine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, pipotiazine, prochlorperazine, promazine, promethazine, prothipendyl, pyridoxine, sulpiride, sultopride, tetrabenazine, thioproperazine, thioridazine, tiapride, tiotixene, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, trihexyphenidyl, and zuclopenthixol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof; or

d) selected from the group consisting of dopaminergic agents, glutamatergic agents, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulators, glycine reuptake inhibitors, glutamate reuptake inhibitor, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), glutamate receptor glur5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), histamine H3 receptor antagonists, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonists, ampakines (CX-516), glutathione prodrugs, noradrenergic agents, serotonin receptor modulators, cholinergic agents, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonists, neurokinin 3 antagonists, neurotensin agonists, monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitors, phosphodiesterase type 10 (PDE10) inhibitors, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors, neurosteroids, and neurotrophic factors.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antipsychotic is useful in treating at least one sign or symptom of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an SV2A inhibitor and an antipsychotic or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs or prodrugs, wherein the SV2A inhibitor in the composition is present:

a) in an amount of 0.07-350 mg;

b) in an amount of 50-250 mg;

c) in an amount of 3-50 mg; or

d) in an amount less than 350 mg, less than 250 mg, less than 200 mg, less than 150 mg, less than 100 mg, less than 50 mg, less than 10 mg, less than 5 mg, less than 1 mg, less than 0.5 mg, less than 0.1 mg, or less than 0.07 mg.

7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 , wherein the SV2A inhibitor and the antipsychotic or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs or prodrugs are in separate dosage forms or in a unit dosage form.

8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition is in a solid form, a liquid form, a suspension form, a sustained release form, a delayed release form, or an extended release form.

9. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the SV2A inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of levetiracetam, brivaracetam and seletracetam and derivatives, analogs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof.

10. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the antipsychotic is:

a) selected from the group consisting of aripiprazole, asenapine, clozapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, lurasidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs, and prodrugs thereof;

b) selected from the group consisting of aripiprazole, olanzapine and ziprasidone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof;

c) selected from the group consisting of acepromazine, benperidol, bromazepam, bromperidol, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, clotiapine, cyamemazine, diazepam, dixyrazine, droperidol, flupentixol, fluphenazine, fluspirilene, haloperidol, heptaminol, isopropamide iodide, levomepromazine, levosulpiride, loxapine, melperone, mesoridazine, molindone, oxypertine, oxyprothepine, penfluridol, perazine, periciazine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, pipotiazine, prochlorperazine, promazine, promethazine, prothipendyl, pyridoxine, sulpiride, sultopride, tetrabenazine, thioproperazine, thioridazine, tiapride, tiotixene, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, trihexyphenidyl, and zuclopenthixol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and prodrugs thereof; or

d) selected from the group consisting of dopaminergic agents, glutamatergic agents, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulators, glycine reuptake inhibitors, glutamate reuptake inhibitor, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), glutamate receptor glur5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), histamine H3 receptor antagonists, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonists, ampakines (CX-516), glutathione prodrugs, noradrenergic agents, serotonin receptor modulators, cholinergic agents, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonists, neurokinin 3 antagonists, neurotensin agonists, monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitors, phosphodiesterase type 10 (PDE10) inhibitors, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors, neurosteroids, and neurotrophic factors.

11. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the antipsychotic is useful in treating at least one sign or symptom of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.