High resolution systems, kits, apparatus, and methods using magnetic beads for high throughput microbiology applications

1. A method of transferring material from a first microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a first array of microwells to a second microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a second array of microwells, the method comprising:

loading at least one magnetic bead into at least one microwell of the first array of microwells;

incubating the first microfabricated device to cultivate a plurality of cells in at least one microwell of the first array of microwells;

positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device such that the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device is aligned with at least one microwell of the second array of microwells of the second microfabricated device, wherein positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device comprises positioning the upper surface of the second microfabricated device opposing the upper surface of the first microfabricated device; and

applying a magnetic field so as to move the at least one magnetic bead contained in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells into the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells, whereby at least one cell from the plurality of cells in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells is transferred to the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the magnetic field comprises using a permanent magnet.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the magnetic field comprises using an electromagnet.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

prior to incubating the first microfabricated device, preparing the first microfabricated device such that at least one microwell of the first array of microwells includes at least one cell and at least one magnetic bead, wherein incubating the first microfabricated device comprises cultivating a plurality of cells in the at least one microwell of the first microfabricated device from the at least one cell.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein preparing the first microfabricated device comprises:

loading a magnetic bead solution including a solvent and at least one magnetic bead into the at least one microwell; and

loading at least one cell into the at least one microwell.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:

applying a magnet to the first microfabricated device so that the at least one magnetic bead is drawn to the inside of the at least one microwell; and

allowing evaporation of the solvent.

7. The method of claim 4 , wherein preparing the first microfabricated device comprises:

loading into the at least one microwell a sample solution including at least one magnetic bead and at least one cell.

8. The method of claim 4 , wherein preparing the first microfabricated device comprises:

applying a membrane to seal the at least one microwell.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device comprises positioning the upper surface of the second microfabricated device apart from the upper surface of the first microfabricated device.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device comprises positioning the upper surface of the second microfabricated device in contact with the upper surface of the first microfabricated device.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

prior to applying the magnetic field, applying a liquid layer on the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the liquid layer is an oil layer.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the liquid layer is an aqueous layer.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface density of the first array of microwells is at least 150 microwells per cm 2 , at least 250 microwells per cm 2 , at least 400 microwells per cm 2 , at least 500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 750 microwells per cm 2 , at least 1,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 2,500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 5,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 7,500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 10,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 50,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 100,000 microwells per cm 2 , or at least 160,000 microwells per cm 2 .

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein each microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device has a diameter of from about 5 μm to about 500 μm, from about 10 μm to about 300 μm, or from about 20 μm to about 200 μm.

16. A method of transferring material from a first microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a first array of microwells to a second microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a second array of microwells, the method comprising:

preparing the first microfabricated device such that at least one microwell of the first array of microwells includes a material of interest and at least one magnetic bead;

positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device such that the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device is aligned with at least one microwell of the second array of microwells of the second microfabricated device, wherein positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device comprises positioning the upper surface of the second microfabricated device opposing the upper surface of the first microfabricated device; and

applying a magnetic field so as to move the at least one magnetic bead contained in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells into the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells, whereby at least a portion of the material of interest in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells is transferred to the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the material of interest is a biological entity.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the material of interest comprises a plurality of cells.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein preparing the first microfabricated device comprises:

providing the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells with at least one cell and at least one magnetic bead; and

prior to applying the magnetic field, incubating the first microfabricated device to grow a plurality of cells from the provided at least one cell in the at least one microwell of the first microfabricated device.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein providing the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells with at least one cell and at least one magnetic bead comprises:

loading a magnetic bead solution including a solvent and at least one magnetic bead into the at least one microwell; and

loading at least one cell into the at least one microwell.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein providing the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells with at least one cell and at least one magnetic bead comprises:

loading into the at least one microwell a sample solution including at least one magnetic bead and at least one cell.

22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the surface density of the first array of microwells is at least 150 microwells per cm 2 , at least 250 microwells per cm 2 , at least 400 microwells per cm 2 , at least 500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 750 microwells per cm 2 , at least 1,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 2,500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 5,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 7,500 microwells per cm 2 , at least 10,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 50,000 microwells per cm 2 , at least 100,000 microwells per cm 2 , or at least 160,000 microwells per cm 2 .

23. The method of claim 16 , wherein each microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device has a diameter of from about 5 μm to about 500 μm, from about 10 μm to about 300 μm, or from about 20 μm to about 200 μm.

24. A method of transferring material from a first microfabricated device including a first array of microwells, at least one microwell of which comprises at least one magnetic bead, to a second microfabricated device including a second array of microwells, the method comprising:

providing a material of interest into the at least one microwell which comprises the at least one magnetic bead;

positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device such that the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device is aligned with at least one microwell of the second array of microwells of the second microfabricated device; and

applying a magnetic field so as to move the at least one magnetic bead contained in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells into the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells, whereby at least a portion of the material of interest in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells is transferred to the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells.

25. A method of transferring material from a first microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a first array of microwells, at least one microwell of which comprises at least one magnetic bead and a material of interest, to a second microfabricated device comprising an upper surface including a second array of microwells, the method comprising:

positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device such that the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells of the first microfabricated device is aligned with at least one microwell of the second array of microwells of the second microfabricated device, wherein positioning the second microfabricated device relative to the first microfabricated device comprises positioning the upper surface of the second microfabricated device opposing the upper surface of the first microfabricated device;

applying a magnetic field so as to move the at least one magnetic bead contained in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells into the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells, whereby at least a portion of the material of interest in the at least one microwell of the first array of microwells is transferred to the at least one microwell of the second array of microwells.