Optoelectronic switch
A switch module and optoelectronic switch incorporating the same. The optoelectronic switch includes an N-dimensional array of switch modules arranged in a topology in which each switch module is a member of N sub-arrays, the sub-arrays defined with reference to the coordinates of the constituent switch modules, and wherein all of the members of each sub-array are connected by an active switch, which in some embodiments may be an optical active switch or an electronic active switch.
1. A switch module, for use in an optoelectronic switch, the switch module having:
a client portion for connecting to an input device or an output device; and
a first fabric portion having a transmission side and a receiving side,
the transmission side having:
a transmission side input;
a transmission side packet processor configured to receive, at the transmission side input, a first electronic signal, and to produce, at a plurality of outputs of the transmission side packet processor, a plurality of respective first electronic component signals;
a plurality of transmission side electrical to optical converters for converting each of the first electronic component signals into a respective optical signal of a first plurality of optical signals;
a transmission side multiplexer for converting the first plurality of optical signals into a multiplexed fabric output signal, and
the receiving side having:
a receiving side demultiplexer for receiving a multiplexed fabric input signal and separating said multiplexed fabric input signal into a second plurality of optical signals;
a plurality of receiving side optical to electrical converters for converting each of the second plurality of optical signals into a respective second electronic component signal of a plurality of respective second electronic component signals;
a receiving side output; and
a receiving side packet processor configured to receive, at respective inputs of the receiving side packet processor, the second electronic component signals, and to transmit, at the receiving side output, a second electronic signal,
the switch module further comprising:
a second fabric portion having:
a transmission side; and
a receiving side,
the receiving side having:
a receiving side demultiplexer for receiving a multiplexed fabric input signal and separating said multiplexed fabric input signal into a third plurality of optical signals;
a plurality of receiving side optical to electrical converters for converting each of the third plurality of optical signals into a respective third electronic component signal of a plurality of respective third electronic component signals;
a receiving side output; and
a receiving side packet processor configured to receive, at respective inputs of the receiving side packet processor, the third electronic component signals, and to transmit, at the receiving side output, a third electronic signal; and
an integrated switch connected to:
the client portion;
the transmission side input of the first fabric portion; and
the receiving side output of the second fabric portion,
the integrated switch being configured to route the first electronic signal to the transmission side input of the first fabric portion from either:
an output of the client portion; or
the receiving side output of the second fabric portion.
2. The switch module of claim 1 , wherein the transmission side packet processor is configured:
to receive the first electronic signal in the form of an original packet having a packet header, the packet header containing destination information identifying a destination switch module for the packet; and
to perform packet fragmentation wherein:
packets of data having the same destination switch module are arranged into frames having a predetermined size; and
a packet of data is split into a plurality of packet fragments arranged in a corresponding plurality of frames, and
wherein the receiving side packet processor is configured to recreate the original packet from the packet fragments, when said packet is spread over more than one frame.
3. The switch module of claim 2 , wherein the switch module is configured to send the multiplexed fabric output signal in a series of successive bursts, each burst including packets and/or packet fragments from a single frame, such that each burst includes only packets and/or packet fragments having the same destination switch module, and pairs of sequential bursts being separated by a time interval.
4. The switch module of claim 1 , wherein:
each of the electrical to optical converters is a modulator; and
the transmission side packet processor is configured to perform packet slicing, wherein a frame or packet is sliced to form the first plurality of electronic component signals.
5. The switch module of claim 4 , wherein each of the optical to electrical converters is a photodetector.
6. The switch module of claim 1 , wherein the transmission side packet processor and/or the receiving side packet processor is/are connected to a controller, for connection to an arbiter.
7. The switch module of claim 6 , wherein the transmission side packet processor is configured to send a request to the arbiter, the request identifying a destination switch module of a packet.
8. The switch module of claim 7 , wherein the transmission side packet processor is configured to look up which output, of an active switch to which it is connected, corresponds to the destination switch module identified by the request.
9. The switch module of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the transmission side multiplexer and the receiving side demultiplexer is an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG).
10. The switch module of claim 1 , further comprising means for connecting to an optical backplane.
11. An N-dimensional optoelectronic switch for transferring an optical signal from an input device to an output device, the optoelectronic switch comprising a plurality of switch modules, the switch modules being interconnected, wherein:
each switch module has:
a client portion for connecting to an input device or an output device; and
a first fabric portion having a transmission side and a receiving side,
the transmission side having:
a transmission side input;
a transmission side packet processor configured to receive, at the transmission side input, a first electronic signal, and to produce, at a plurality of outputs of the transmission side packet processor, a plurality of respective first electronic component signals;
a plurality of transmission side electrical to optical converters for converting each of the first electronic component signals into a respective optical signal of a first plurality of optical signals;
a transmission side multiplexer for converting the first plurality of optical signals into a multiplexed fabric output signal, and
the receiving side having:
a receiving side demultiplexer for receiving a multiplexed fabric input signal and separating said multiplexed fabric input signal into a second plurality of optical signals;
a plurality of receiving side optical to electrical converters for converting each of the second plurality of optical signals into a respective second electronic component signal of a plurality of respective second electronic component signals;
a receiving side output; and
a receiving side packet processor configured to receive, at respective inputs of the receiving side packet processor, the second electronic component signals, and to transmit, at the receiving side output, a second electronic signal;
the switch modules are arranged in an N-dimensional array having a size R i in the i th dimension of the N dimensions of the array, each switch module having an associated set of coordinates giving its location with respect to each of the N dimensions;
each switch module is a member of N sub-arrays, each sub-array comprising R i switch modules whose coordinates differ only in respect of their location in the i th dimension, and each of the N sub-arrays being associated with a different dimension;
each sub-array further includes an active switch having R i inputs and R i outputs;
each input of each active switch is configured to receive a multiplexed fabric output signal from a respective one of the R i switch modules in the sub-array; and
the active switch is configured to direct a multiplexed fabric output signal from any of its R i inputs to any one of the R i outputs, based on destination information contained in the first electronic signal received by the transmission side input of a fabric portion of the switch module from which the active switch received the multiplexed fabric output signal.
12. The optoelectronic switch of claim 11 , wherein each switch module has at least N fabric portions, each of the N fabric portions being associated with a different sub-array of which the switch module is a member.
13. The optoelectronic switch of claim 11 , wherein the active switches are located on and connected to an optical backplane, the optical backplane further including a plurality of optical links for providing connections between each switch module and each active switch with which said switch module shares a sub-array.
14. The optoelectronic switch of claim 11 , wherein the active switches are optical active switches or electronic active switches.
15. The optoelectronic switch of claim 14 , wherein the active switch is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cascade switch, comprising a plurality of MZIs, each MZI having two arms which split at an input coupler, with two arms feeding split paths into an output coupler where they are recombined, and two output portions, the plurality of MZIs being arranged to provide a pathway from each input to each output of the MZI cascade switch.
16. The optoelectronic switch of claim 14 , wherein each electronic active switch further includes:
an optical-to-electrical converter at each input for converting the multiplexed fabric output signal from an optical signal to an electronic active switching signal; and
an electrical-to-optical converter at each output for converting the electronic active switching signal to an optical signal in the form of the multiplexed fabric input signal,
wherein the electronic active switch is configured to switch the electronic active switching signal from any of its R i inputs to any of its R i outputs, and
wherein:
the optical-to-electrical converter includes a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the multiplexed fabric output signal into a first plurality of intermediate optical signals, and a corresponding plurality of photodetectors for converting each of the intermediate optical signals into an intermediate electronic active switching signal for switching to a desired output, and
the electrical-to-optical converter is configured to convert the plurality of switched intermediate electronic active switching signals into a second plurality of intermediate optical signals, and further includes a multiplexer for multiplexing said second plurality of intermediate optical signals to form the multiplexed fabric input signal.
17. The optoelectronic switch of claim 11 , where each sub-array of switch modules also includes an arbiter, the arbiter configured to control operation of the active switch included in the sub-array, based on destination information stored in packets of data to be switched.
18. The optoelectronic switch of claim 17 , wherein the arbiter is connected to at least one of a transmission side packet processor and a receiving side packet processor on every switch module in the sub-array, and is configured to receive a request from each of the transmission side packet processors to which it is connected.
19. An N-dimensional optoelectronic switch for transferring an optical signal from an input device to an output device, the optoelectronic switch comprising a plurality of switch modules, the switch modules being interconnected, wherein:
each switch module has:
a client portion for connecting to an input device or an output device; and
a first fabric portion having a transmission side and a receiving side,
the transmission side having:
a transmission side input;
a transmission side packet processor configured to receive, at the transmission side input, a first electronic signal, and to produce, at a plurality of outputs of the transmission side packet processor, a plurality of respective first electronic component signals;
a plurality of transmission side electrical to optical converters for converting each of the first electronic component signals into a respective optical signal of a first plurality of optical signals;
a transmission side multiplexer for converting the first plurality of optical signals into a multiplexed fabric output signal, and
the receiving side having:
a receiving side demultiplexer for receiving a multiplexed fabric input signal and separating said multiplexed fabric input signal into a second plurality of optical signals;
a plurality of receiving side optical to electrical converters for converting each of the second plurality of optical signals into a respective second electronic component signal of a plurality of respective second electronic component signals;
a receiving side output; and
a receiving side packet processor configured to receive, at respective inputs of the receiving side packet processor, the second electronic component signals, and to transmit, at the receiving side output, a second electronic signal;
the switch modules are arranged in an N-dimensional array having a size R i in the i th dimension of the N dimensions of the array, each switch module having an associated set of coordinates giving its location with respect to each of the N dimensions;
each switch module is a member of N sub-arrays S i , each sub-array comprising R i switch modules whose coordinates differ only in respect of their location in the i th dimension, and each of the N sub-arrays being associated with a different dimension;
each sub-array further includes one or more active switches, arranged to provide connections between all of the switch modules in that sub-array;
an input of each active switch is configured to receive a multiplexed fabric output from one of the R i switch modules in the sub-array; and
each of the one or more active switches is configured to direct a multiplexed fabric output signal from any switch module in the sub-array to any other switch module in the sub-array, based on destination information contained in the first electronic signal received by the transmission side input of a fabric portion of the switch module from which the active switch received the multiplexed fabric output signal.
20. The optoelectronic switch of claim 19 , wherein a sub-array of R i switch modules includes only a single active switch having R i inputs and R i outputs, and:
each input of the active switch is configured to receive a multiplexed fabric output signal from a respective one of the R i switch modules in the sub-array,
each of the switch modules is configured to receive a multiplexed fabric output signal from one of the R i outputs of the active switch, and
the active switch is configured to direct a multiplexed fabric output signal from any of its R i inputs to any one of the R i outputs, based on the destination information contained in the first electronic signal received at the transmission side input of the switch module from which the active switch received the multiplexed fabric output signal.
21. The optoelectronic switch of claim 20 , wherein at least one sub-array of R i switch modules includes P sub active switches, P sub being an integer greater than 1, arranged to form a network connecting each switch module in the sub-array with each other switch module in the sub-array.
22. The optoelectronic switch of claim 21 , wherein the network is any one of a: Clos network, a Clos-like network and a folded Clos network.
23. The optoelectronic switch of claim 21 wherein:
the value of P sub is the same for all sub-arrays which include a plurality of active switches, and/or
all of the switch modules of the at least one sub-array of R i switch modules have the same number of client ports, and the value of P sub is equal to the number of client ports on each of the switch modules.