Storage and delivery systems for colloidal dispersions
The present disclosure provides methods for stabilizing a colloidal dispersion during transport for low defect tolerance applications. The methods involve eliminating fluid interfaces within a dispersion, storing the dispersion in an environment of inert gas, and degassing the dispersion. Several bottle closure devices are described which may be ideal for use with these methods, being able to seal a container filled with a dispersion, permit the removal of headspace and rapidly empty the contained dispersion. In one aspect, the device includes a vented cap and semi-permeable membrane, which allows the passage of gas into and out of the container, and a dispenser nozzle integrated with the device to allow a stored dispersion to be dispensed without removing the device from the container. In another aspect, the bottle closure device includes an attachment point for a removable downtube and dispenser nozzle.
1. A method for reducing defect formation in a colloidal dispersion, comprising:
providing a colloidal dispersion;
filling a container with said colloidal dispersion;
substantially eliminating fluid interfaces within said colloidal dispersion by fully displacing headspace within said container with said colloidal dispersion; and
securing said container to maintain said colloidal dispersion in a state substantially free of said fluid interfaces.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said fluid interfaces are one of a liquid-gas interface or a liquid-liquid interface.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said eliminating step comprises removing bubbles from said colloidal dispersion.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising placing said filled and secured container into an environment of inert gas subsequent to said securing step.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said colloidal dispersion forms agglomerates when subjected to vibration.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said colloidal dispersion comprises a dispersion of nanoscopic elements.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said nanoscopic elements are structured nanoscopic elements.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said nanoscopic elements are carbon nanotubes.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising degassing said dispersion prior to said filling step and maintaining said dispersion in a degassed state.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of maintaining said colloidal dispersion in a state substantially free of said fluid interfaces prevents the formation of agglomerates.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of maintaining said colloidal dispersion in a state substantially free of said fluid interfaces prevents the formation of defects in a film subsequently formed from said dispersion.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said colloidal dispersion within said secured container is substantially resistant to vibration.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said colloidal dispersion is resistant to vibration for between 1 and 5 hours.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein said colloidal dispersion is resistant to vibration for between 5 and 10 hours.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein said colloidal dispersion is resistant to vibration for between 10 and 24 hours.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein said colloidal dispersion is resistant to vibration for at least 24 hours.
17. The method of claim 1 further comprising depositing said colloidal dispersion onto a material substrate to form a substantially uniform film.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said film is a nanotube fabric.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein said container is a variable volume container.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said eliminating step comprises reducing the volume of said variable volume container.