Advanced dielectric energy storage device and method of fabrication
A Dense Energy Ultra Cell (DEUC), a dielectric energy storage device and methods of fabrication therefor are provided. A DEUC element is fabricated using print technologies that deposit dielectric energy storage layers ( 406 ) and insulating layers ( 404 ) together being interleaved between electrode layers ( 403 ). The dielectric energy storage layers are created from a proprietary solution to enable printing of dielectric energy storage layers with high permittivity and a high internal resistivity to retain charge. The insulating layers ( 404 ) can be applied within the dielectric energy storage layers ( 406 ) bifurcating the dielectric energy storage layers for increased resistivity. As part of the fabrication process, the material deposition printer can apply multiple print heads each with different inks and materials ( 1301, 1302 ) to form composite material ( 1303 ) in the printed layers.
1. A method of fabrication of a DEUC Element using inkjet printing comprising:
a. preparation of an electrode material deposition solution that is used as an ink in an inkjet printer to produce an electrode layer of the DEUC Element, by preparing an electrically conducting print solution created using a reactive solution that converts to nickel when heated to between 100 to 300 degrees Celsius and where nickel nanoparticles are suspended in the reactive solution;
b. preparation of a ceramic dielectric solution that is used as an ink in an inkjet printer to produce a dielectric energy storage layer of the DEUC Element, by the following:
a precursor solution of a dielectric material CCTO and/or CCTO-X is synthesized as a printable ink, and
electrically insulating nanoparticles suspended in an ink are prepared for co-deposition with the CCTO-X ink;
c. preparation of an insulating material in solution that is used as an ink in an inkjet printer to produce an insulating layer of the DEUC Element, by an insulator ink being created from an oxide compound and applied as an insulating layer;
d. creating a DEUC Thin Film, by the following:
the electrode layer ink, dielectric energy storage layer ink, and insulator ink are applied as layers to form dense energy ultra-cell thin film, including the following:
the dielectric energy storage layer is formed by printing three sublayers: a dielectric energy storage layer, an insulating layer and a dielectric energy storage layer;
the electrode layer is printed with an insulating material around the edges of each electrode layer, except for the side of the electrode layer where it is attached to an electrode collector portion of all electrode layers of the same polarity; and
two dielectric energy storage layers, bifurcated by an insulating layer, are interleaved in between two electrode layers to form a unified DEUC multi-layer thin film; and
e. sintering of one or more unified DEUC multi-layer thin films to form a DEUC Element, by the following:
where one or more unified multilayer thin film(s) are combined and heat treated in specific stages to ensure Nanoparticles in each layer remain in place as the multilayer thin film is cured, calcined and sintered:
i. as a first heat stage, the electrode ink cures forming a frame work structure within the unified multilayer thin film holding the nanoparticles between the electrode layers in place,
ii. as a second heat stage, the ink fluids and contaminants are burned off,
iii. as a third heat stage, the Nanoparticles within the multilayer thin film are calcined, and
iv. as a fourth heat stage, the multilayer thin film is sintered forming the ceramic energy storage layer bifurcated by a hardened oxide compound as a composite layer resulting in a hardened multilayer energy storage device with left and right electrode collectors, thereby forming the DEUC Element.
2. The method of fabrication of claim 1 , further comprising:
preparation of a ceramic dielectric solution that is used as an ink in an inkjet printer to produce a dielectric energy storage layer of the DEUC Element, by the following:
a precursor solution of a dielectric material CCTO and/or CCTO-X is synthesized as a printable ink,
pre-calcined CCTO and/or CCTO-X nanoparticles are suspended in the precursor solution, and
electrically insulating nanoparticles suspended in an ink are prepared for co-deposition with the CCTO-X ink.
3. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein the electrode layer ink is comprised of a reactive nickel solution comprised of nickel(II) formate dihydrate [Ni(HCO 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O] and thylene diamine in an solvent.
4. The method of fabrication of claim 3 , wherein nickel nanoparticles are added to the electrode layer ink.
5. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein the electrode layer ink is comprised of nickel nanoparticles suspended in a solution.
6. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein one or more CCTO-X layers are formed from an ink comprised of a CCTO-X precursor solution and/or CCTO-X pre-calcined nanoparticles suspended in said solution.
7. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein one or more heat treatments of the CCTO and/or CCTO-X particles, and/or dielectric energy storage layer, and/or multilayer thin film, utilize a reduced oxygen atmosphere to reduce and or eliminate oxidation during the heat treatments.
8. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein CCTO and/or CCTO-X particles (grains) form an internal layer barrier capacitor (ILBC) with electrically insulating particles positioned between the grains increasing permittivity and resistivity.
9. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein a DEUC energy storage device is designed and fabricated as a combination of one or more DEUC Elements to store and provide electrical power to at least one of:
micro devices and integrated circuits, electric vehicles, aircraft, boats, ships, unmanned aerial, terrestrial or water vehicles, electronic cigarettes, mobile computing devices, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, wireless communication devices, and mobile sensor systems, energy storage for an electric power grid, power backup, energy storage for solar, wind, and other alternative energy generation systems, and uninterruptible power supplies.
10. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , where a Nano particle and/or precursor material deposition system is used for the fabrication of layers of composite materials where two or more print heads apply different materials that are combined in a deposited layer where:
a) the different materials are mixed to create a uniform composite of the two or more materials deposited, and
b) where one or more materials are combined to form an ink and where two or more inks are deposited into the same layer by two or more spray or drop on demand devices into the same deposition layer, and
c) where the spray or droplets are interlaced to distribute the one or more materials to form a composite material of the one or more materials, and
d) where the droplets of the materials to be combined can be different sizes, and
e) where the drop on demand device an inkjet print head applied in an inkjet printer, and
f) where proportions of the one or more material inks are deposited as spray droplets configured to achieve a composite material with a desired stoichiometric formula, and
g) where consecutive independent layers are printed on top of existing layers as single material layers and/or composite material layers, and
h) where one or more layers can be deposited to create a single layer and/or multilayer device, and
i) where the print process incorporates one or more k print layers and one or more multi-ink composite print layers in any configuration, and
j) where a computer device calculates an amount and dispersion method for each material to be deposited to form desired composite layers.
11. The method of fabrication of claim 10 , used to fabricate an electronic circuit comprised of single and multilayer devices.
12. The method of fabrication of claim 10 , used to fabricate a multilayer electronic device, a circuit pattern, a battery, a capacitor, and/or an energy storage capacitor.
13. The method of fabrication of claim 1 , wherein the oxide compound comprises silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
14. The method of fabrication of claim 1 , wherein the oxide compound comprises silicon oxide (SiO 2 ).
15. The method of fabrication of claim 1 , wherein the oxide compound comprises aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
16. The method of fabrication of claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating nanoparticles are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles.
17. The method of fabrication of claim 2 , wherein the electrically insulating nanoparticles are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles.
18. The method of fabrication of claim 8 , wherein the electrically insulating particles are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) particles.