Adaptive sensing for a gas leak detection

1. A method of adaptively sensing a gas leak, the method comprising:

obtaining first wind data from a wind sensor, the first wind data comprising a wind speed and a wind direction;

identifying a first wireless mote in a plurality of wireless motes that is in a path of the gas leak based on the first wind data, wherein the plurality of wireless motes comprises a second wireless mote that is not in the path of the gas leak;

selectively activating the identified first wireless mote to trigger measuring a gas concentration of a gas plume, wherein the second wireless mote is not activated;

comparing the measured gas concentration to a predetermined threshold; and

identifying a location of the gas leak.

2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining second wind data from the wind sensor in response to the gas concentration being below the predetermined threshold;

identifying a third wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes that is in the path of the gas leak based on the second wind data; and

selectively activating the identified third wireless mote to trigger measuring a gas concentration of the gas plume.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein identifying the first wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes comprises:

calculating a wind turbulence value from the wind data and the gas plume dispersion pattern;

calculating a gas plume dissipation rate from the wind turbulence value; and

identifying the at least one wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes that is in a path of the gas plume from the wind turbulence and the gas plume dissipation rate.

4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:

measuring the gas concentration at the identified first wireless mote more frequently than at the second wireless mote.

5. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising:

excluding the second wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes from taking measurements to conserve power and data communication bandwidth.

6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:

calculating a well-defined moment of time when the gas plume is expected to pass near the identified first wireless mote, wherein the well-defined moment of time is determined based on a distance between the first wireless mote and a source of the gas leak divided by the wind speed of the first wind data received from the wind sensor; and

measuring gas concentration at the well-defined moment of time.

7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying gas type, relative humidity and temperature.

8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:

calculating an escape rate of the gas plume from the gas leak; and

determining the chemical composition of the gas plume.

9. A system for adaptively sensing a gas leak, comprising:

a wind sensor located on a gas extraction well pad, wherein the wind sensor is configured to obtain wind data by sensing wind speed and wind direction;

a plurality of wireless motes located in proximity of the wind sensor, wherein each wireless mote is configured to detect the presence of gas; and

a server located in proximity of the gas extraction well pad, wherein the server is configured to communicate with the plurality of wireless motes and the wind sensor; wherein the server is further configured to:

identify a first wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes that is in a path of the gas leak based on the wind data, wherein the plurality of wireless motes comprises a second wireless mote that is not in the path of the gas leak; and

selectively activate the identified first wireless mote to trigger measuring a gas concentration of a gas plume, wherein the second wireless mote is not activated.

10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the server is further configured to:

activate a first wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes to take a measurement at an interval more frequent than for a second wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes.

11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein the server is further configured to:

exclude at least one wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes from taking measurements to conserve power and data communication bandwidth.

12. The system according to claim 10 , wherein the server is further configured to:

calculate a well-defined moment of time when the gas plume is expected to pass near the identified first wireless mote, wherein the well-defined moment of time is determined based on a distance between the first wireless mote and a source of the gas leak divided by the wind speed received from the wind sensor; and

measure gas concentration at the well-defined moment of time.

13. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the server is further configured to:

determine a location of the gas leak using the wind data and the gas measurement from the first wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes.

14. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the server is further configured to:

calculate an escape rate of the gas plume from the gas leak; and

determine the chemical composition of the gas plume.

15. A system for adaptively sensing a gas leak in an industrial site, comprising:

a plurality of gas extraction well pads contained in the industrial site;

a plurality of wind sensors each located in the proximity of each gas extraction well pad, wherein each wind sensor is configured to obtain wind data by sensing wind speed and wind direction;

a plurality of wireless motes located in the proximity of each gas extraction well pad and a wind sensor in plurality of wind sensors, wherein each wireless mote is configured to detect the presence of gas; and

a server located in proximity of the industrial site, wherein the server is configured to communicate with the plurality of wireless motes and the plurality of wind sensors; wherein the server is further configured to:

identify a first wireless mote in the plurality of wireless motes that is in a path of the gas leak based on the wind data, wherein the plurality of wireless motes comprises a second wireless mote that is not in the path of the gas leak; and

selectively activate the identified first wireless mote to trigger measuring a gas concentration of a gas plume, wherein the second wireless mote is not activated.