Advanced cast aluminum alloys for automotive engine application with superior high-temperature properties
A high fatigue strength aluminum alloy comprises in weight percent copper 3.0-3.5%, iron 0-1.3%, magnesium 0.24-0.35%, manganese 0-0.8%, silicon 6.5-12.0%, strontium 0-0.025%, titanium 0.05-0.2%, vanadium 0.20-0.35%, zinc 0-3.0%, zirconium 0.2-0.4%, a maximum of 0.5% other elements and balance aluminum plus impurities. The alloy defines a microstructure having an aluminum matrix with the Zr and the V in solid solution after solidification. The matrix has solid solution Zr of at least 0.16% after heat treatment and solid solution V of at least 0.20% after heat treatment, and both Cu and Mg are dissolved into the aluminum matrix during the heat treatment and subsequently precipitated during the heat treatment. A process for heat treating an Al—Si—Cu—Mg—Fe—Zn—Mn—Sr-TMs alloy comprises heat treating the alloy to produce a microstructure having a matrix with Zr and V in solid solution after solidification.
1. A high fatigue strength aluminum alloy comprising, in wt. %:
Cu between 3.0-3.5%;
Fe between 0-1.3%;
Mg between 0.24-0.35%;
Mn between 0-0.8%;
Si between 6.5-12.0%;
Sr between 0-0.025%;
Ti between 0.05-0.2%;
V between 0.22-0.28%;
Zn between 0-3.0%;
Zr between 0.33-0.38%;
maximum 0.5% other elements; and
balance Al,
wherein the alloy defines a microstructure having a matrix with the Zr and the V in solid solution after solidification, with solid solution Zr of at least 0.16% after heat treatment and solid solution V of at least 0.20% after heat treatment, and the Cu and the Mg dissolved into the matrix during the heat treatment and subsequently precipitated during the heat treatment.
2. The alloy according to claim 1 , wherein the alloy is capable of withstanding up to 98 MPa at up to 10 7 cycles at up to 180° C. after 100 hours soaking at 180° C.
3. The alloy according to claim 1 , wherein the Si is between 6.5-8.0%, the Fe is 0-0.2%, the Mn is 0-0.4%, the Sr is 0-0.025%, and the Zn is 0%.
4. A cylinder head having the alloy according to claim 3 and being formed by semi-permanent mold casting.
5. The alloy according to claim 1 , wherein the Si is 8.0-12.0% and the Fe is 0.2-1.3%.
6. An engine block having the alloy according to claim 5 and being formed by high-pressure die casting.
7. The alloy according to claim 1 , wherein:
the Mn is between 0-0.4%; and
the Si is between 6.5-8.0%.
8. The alloy according to claim 7 , wherein:
the Cu is between 3.2-3.5%;
the Mg is between 0.24-0.28%;
the Mn is between 0-0.15%;
the Si is between 7.2-7.7%; and
the Ti is between 0.08-0.1%.
9. The alloy according to claim 8 , wherein:
the Cu is 3.4%;
the Fe is 0%;
the Mg is 0.25%;
the Mn is 0%;
the Si is 7.5%;
the Sr is 0%;
the Ti is 0.1%;
the V is 0.25%; and
the Zr is 0.35%.
10. The alloy according to claim 1 , wherein:
the Fe is between 0.20-1.3%; and
the Si is between 8.0-12.0%.
11. The alloy according to claim 10 , wherein:
the Cu is between 3.2-3.5%;
the Fe is between 0.20-1.0%;
the Mg is between 0.24-0.28%;
the Mn is between 0.35-0.50%;
the Si is between 9.0-11.0%;
the Ti is between 0.08-0.10%; and
the Zn is between 0-1.5%.
12. The alloy according to claim 11 , wherein:
the Cu is 3.4%;
the Fe is 0.25%;
the Mg is 0.25%;
the Mn is 0.40%;
the Si is 9.5%;
the Ti is 0.10%;
the V is 0.25%;
the Zn is 0%; and
the Zr is 0.35%.
13. An engine block formed from a heat treated cast high fatigue strength aluminum alloy comprising, in wt. %:
Cu between 3.0-3.5%;
Fe between 0-1.3%;
Mg between 0.24-0.35%;
Mn between 0-0.8%;
Si between 6.5-12.0%;
Sr between 0-0.025%;
Ti between 0.05-0.2%;
V between 0.22-0.28%;
Zn between 0-3.0%;
Zr between 0.33-0.38%;
maximum 0.5% other elements; and
balance Al,
wherein the alloy defines a microstructure having a matrix with the Zr and the V in solid solution after solidification, with solid solution Zr of at least 0.16% after the heat treatment and solid solution V of at least 0.20% after the heat treatment, the Cu and the Mg dissolved into the matrix during the heat treatment and subsequently precipitated during the heat treatment, and the alloy is capable of withstanding up to 98 MPa at up to 10 7 cycles at up to 180° C. after 100 hours soaking at 180° C.
14. The engine block according to claim 13 , wherein:
the Mn is between 0-0.4%; and
the Si is between 6.5-8.0%.
15. The engine block according to claim 14 , wherein:
the Cu is between 3.2-3.5%;
the Mg is between 0.24-0.28%;
the Mn is between 0-0.15%;
the Si is between 7.2-7.7%; and
the Ti is between 0.08-0.1%.
16. The engine block according to claim 15 , wherein:
the Cu is 3.4%;
the Fe is 0%;
the Mg is 0.25%;
the Mn is 0%;
the Si is 7.5%;
the Sr is 0%;
the Ti is 0.1%;
the V is 0.25%; and
the Zr is 0.35%.
17. The engine block according to claim 13 , wherein the Si is 8.0-12.0% and the Fe is 0.2-1.3%.
18. The engine block according to claim 17 and being formed by high-pressure die casting.
19. A cylinder head formed from a heat treated cast high fatigue strength aluminum alloy comprising, in wt. %:
Cu between 3.0-3.5%;
Fe between 0-1.3%;
Mg between 0.24-0.35%;
Mn between 0-0.8%;
Si between 6.5-12.0%;
Sr between 0-0.025%;
Ti between 0.05-0.2%;
V between 0.22-0.28%;
Zn between 0-3.0%;
Zr between 0.33-0.38%;
maximum 0.5% other elements; and
balance Al,
wherein the alloy defines a microstructure having a matrix with the Zr and the V in solid solution after solidification, with solid solution Zr of at least 0.16% after the heat treatment and solid solution V of at least 0.20% after the heat treatment, the Cu and the Mg dissolved into the matrix during the heat treatment and subsequently precipitated during the heat treatment, and the alloy is capable of withstanding up to 98 MPa at up to 10 7 cycles at up to 180° C. after 100 hours soaking at 180° C.
20. The cylinder head according to claim 19 , wherein the Si is between 6.5-8.0%, the Fe is 0-0.2%, the Mn is 0-0.4%, the Sr is 0-0.025%, and the Zn is 0%.
21. The cylinder head according to claim 20 and being formed by semi-permanent mold casting.