Photoluminescent nanoparticles and their uses in detection or quantification of singlet oxygen
A composition, as well as methods using the composition, for detection or quantification of a molecule at a singlet state (e.g., singlet oxygen). The composition includes one or more nanoparticles, and the nanoparticle has an energy donor, an energy acceptor associated with the energy donor, and an energy transfer mechanism between the energy donor and the energy acceptor.
1. A composition for use in detection or quantification of a molecule in a singlet state, wherein said composition comprises a nanoparticle, wherein said nanoparticle includes an energy donor, an energy acceptor, and an energy-transfer mechanism between said energy donor and said energy acceptor, wherein said energy acceptor has an acceptor ground-state and an acceptor excited-state, wherein the energy acceptor is associated with the energy donor, and wherein, in the presence of the molecule in the singlet state, the energy acceptor reacts with the molecule in the singlet state to reduce a degree of energy transfer on the energy-transfer mechanism and to reduce emission of first radiation associated with conversion of the energy acceptor from the acceptor excited-state to the acceptor ground-state, wherein the molecule that is in the singlet state is singlet oxygen, wherein the energy donor is a photoluminescent polymer that emits light in the course of undergoing a transition from an excited state thereof and wherein the energy acceptor comprises an acene.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energy acceptor is complexed with the energy donor by at least one non-covalent interaction.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energy acceptor is linked with the energy donor by at least one covalent bond.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energy-transfer mechanism is Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET).
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energy-transfer mechanism is an electron exchange energy transfer.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energy donor has a donor ground state and a donor excited state and wherein conversion of the energy donor from the donor ground state to the donor excited state is associated with absorption of second radiation by the energy donor.
7. A method for detection or quantification of a molecule that is in a singlet state in a subject, said method comprising administering a nanoparticle to said subject, exposing said nanoparticle to first radiation, measuring, at a first time, light intensity emitted by said nanoparticle in at least one wavelength, exposing the nanoparticle to second radiation, and measuring, at a first time, the intensity of light emitted by the nanoparticle at one or more wavelengths, wherein said nanoparticle comprises an energy donor, an energy acceptor, and an energy-transfer mechanism between said energy donor and said energy acceptor, wherein the molecule that is in the singlet state is singlet oxygen, wherein the energy donor is a photoluminescent polymer that emits light in the course of undergoing a transition from an excited state thereof, wherein the energy acceptor comprises an acene, wherein said energy acceptor has an acceptor ground-state and an acceptor excited-state, wherein the energy acceptor is associated with the energy donor, wherein, in the presence of the molecule in the singlet state, the energy acceptor reacts with the molecule to reduce a degree of energy transfer on the energy-transfer mechanism and to reduce emission of first and second radiation, and wherein the second radiation is associated with conversion of the energy acceptor from the acceptor excited-state to the acceptor ground-state.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises, at a second time later than the first time, measuring the intensity of light emitted by the nanoparticle at the one or more wavelengths and determining how many molecules of the singlet state reacted with the energy acceptor between the first time and a second time that is later than the first time, wherein measuring light intensity occurs at the second time.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is a human containing tumor cells or singlet oxygen.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is a bioassay sample.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said energy acceptor is thiophene fused-tetracene and wherein said thiophene fused-tetracene is converted from a ground state to an excited state thereof upon receiving energy from said energy donor.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said energy acceptor is converted from a ground state to an excited state thereof upon receiving energy from said energy donor, and wherein said energy acceptor, at said acceptor excited-state, emits light.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said energy acceptor is a thiophene fused-acene and wherein said thiophene fused-acene is converted from a ground state to an excited state thereof upon receiving energy from said energy donor.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said energy acceptor is converted from a ground state to an excited state thereof upon receiving energy from said energy donor, and wherein said energy acceptor is represented as
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein, in the course of undergoing a transition from a ground state to an excited state thereof, said energy donor absorbs light.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein, in the course of undergoing a transition from an excited state thereof, said energy donor emits radiation.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said energy acceptor is converted from said acceptor ground-state to said acceptor excited-state upon receiving energy from said energy donor.