Compositions and methods for producing lipids and other biomaterials from grain ethanol stillage and stillage derivatives
Lipogenic yeasts bioengineered to overexpress genes for lipid production, and methods of use thereof. The yeasts are modified to express, constitutively express, or overexpress an acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an alpha-amylase, an ATP citrate lyase, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a fatty acid synthase, a glycerol kinase, a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a malic enzyme, a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, a delta-9 acyl-CoA desaturase, a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, a lysophosphatidate acyltransferase, a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a beta-glucosidase, a hexose transporter, a glycerol transporter, a glycoside hydrolase enzyme, an auxiliary activity family 9 enzyme, or combinations thereof. The yeasts in some cases are also modified to reduce or ablate activity of certain proteins. The methods include cultivating the yeast to convert low value soluble organic stillage byproducts into lipids suitable for biodiesel production and other higher value uses.
1. A recombinant yeast comprising one or more recombinant genes, wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express:
a diacylglycerol acyltransferase;
a protein selected from the group consisting of a malic enzyme and a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; and
at least one of:
an acetyl-CoA carboxylase, wherein the acetyl-CoA carboxylase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:2 and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase comprises a residue other than serine and threonine at a position corresponding to position 1146 of SEQ ID NO:2;
a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase comprising a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:32;
a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, wherein the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:44 and the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:30;
a fatty acid synthase, wherein the fatty acid synthase comprises a first subunit comprising a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:22 and a second subunit comprising a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:24;
an ATP citrate lyase, wherein the ATP citrate lyase comprises a first subunit comprising a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:10 and a second subunit comprising a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:12; and
a glycerol kinase and a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, wherein the glycerol kinase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:26 and the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:56.
2. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the diacylglycerol acyltransferase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:14 and is devoid of a sequence corresponding to positions 1-52 of SEQ ID NO:16.
3. The recombinant yeast of claim 2 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are further configured to express a second diacylglycerol acyltransferase, wherein the second diacylglycerol acyltransferase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:58.
4. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the malic enzyme comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:34 and the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase comprises a sequence at least about 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:40.
5. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
6. The recombinant yeast of claim 5 , wherein the acetyl-CoA carboxylase comprises a serine or threonine at a position corresponding to position 639 of SEQ ID NO:2.
7. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
8. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.
9. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the fatty acid synthase.
10. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the ATP citrate lyase.
11. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express the glycerol kinase and the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
12. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is a recombinant lipogenic yeast.
13. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is a recombinant Lipomyces starkeyi.
14. A recombinant yeast comprising one or more recombinant genes, wherein:
the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express a diacylglycerol acyltransferase, wherein the diacylglycerol acyltransferase comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:14 and is devoid of a sequence corresponding to positions 1-52 of SEQ ID NO:16;
the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express a second diacylglycerol acyltransferase, wherein the second diacylglycerol acyltransferase comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:58;
the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express a malic enzyme comprising a sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:34;
the one or more recombinant genes are configured to express a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase comprising a sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:40; and
the yeast is a recombinant Lipomyces starkeyi.