High-yield production of fuels and petro- and oleo-chemical precursors from vegetable oils and other liquid feedstocks in a continuous-flow pyrolysis reactor with or without catalysts
Systems, methods, and materials for pyrolyzing vegetable oil feedstocks to obtain high yields of various products are described.
1. A method of conducting a pyrolysis, the method comprising:
atomizing an oil feedstock to produce atomized oil droplets, wherein the oil feedstock comprises vegetable oil, biooil, or biocrude;
pyrolyzing the atomized oil droplets in a reactor with or without a catalyst to produce pyrolysis products, wherein the pyrolysis is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 400° C. to about 600° C.; and
optionally, reacting the pyrolysis products in-situ with one or more added reactants to produce reacted pyrolysis products.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vegetable oil comprises soy bean oil, canola oil, corn oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, mustard oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, carapa oil, guava oil, tall oil, camelina oil, babassu oil, pennycress oil, coconut oil, or mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor and/or feedstock is pre-heated before the atomized oil droplets are introduced into the reactor.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the pyrolysis products and/or the reacted pyrolysis products to a separation, purification, and/or processing step.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising distilling the pyrolysis products and/or the reacted pyrolysis products to produce one or more distillation products.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising subjecting the one or more distillation products to an additional separation, purification, or processing step, wherein the additional separation, purification, or processing step is selected from the group consisting of a distillation process, an adsorption process, a filtration, a centrifugation, a crystallization, an extraction, an electrolysis process, an evaporation process, a hydrogenation process, an ozonolysis process, and an alkylation process.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises zeolites, metal oxides, solid acid catalysts, or solid base catalysts.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the added reactants comprise ammonia, methanol, or hydrogen gas.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capturing and combusting gases escaping from the reactor for heat or power.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein no carrier gas is used.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the distillation products include long chain fatty acids, and the method further comprises separating and collecting oleic acid, other monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising using the oleic acid and other monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids as feedstock for oleochemical production.
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein a catalyst is used, and the method comprises separating and collecting aromatic compounds.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising producing jet fuel or petrochemical precursors from the collected aromatic compounds.
15. The method of claim 4 , wherein at least one added reactant and the catalyst are used, and the method comprises collecting reacted products.
16. The method of claim 8 , further comprising producing fatty nitriles, fatty amides, fatty acid methyl esters, and hydrogenated products.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atomized oil droplets are in the reactor for a residence time ranging from about 6 seconds to about 300 seconds.