Polycrystalline diamond compact, and related methods and applications
Embodiments relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table in which a metal-solvent catalyst is alloyed with at least one alloying element to improve thermal stability of the PCD table. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a substrate and a PCD table bonded to the substrate. The PCD table includes diamond grains defining interstitial regions. The PCD table includes an alloy comprising at least one Group VIII metal and at least one metallic alloying element that lowers a temperature at which melting of the at least one Group VIII metal begins. The alloy includes one or more solid solution phases comprising the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one metallic alloying element and one or more intermediate compounds comprising the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one metallic alloying element.
1. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body configured to engage a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of polycrystalline diamond cutting elements affixed to the bit body, at least one of the polycrystalline diamond cutting elements including:
a substrate; and
a polycrystalline diamond table including an upper surface spaced from an interfacial surface that is bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including an alloy comprising at least one Group VIII metal and at least one alloying element, the alloy including one or more solid solution phases and one or more intermediate compounds, wherein the one or more solid solution phases include the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one alloying element, wherein the one or more intermediate compounds include the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one alloying element, the alloy being disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, the at least one alloying element exhibiting a concentration gradient between the upper surface and the interfacial surface that generally decreases with distance from the upper surface, wherein the plurality of diamond grains and the alloy of at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds or more.
2. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the polycrystalline diamond table is integrally formed with the substrate.
3. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the alloy exhibits a bulk modulus that is less than that of the at least one Group VIII metal alone.
4. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alloying element includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, boron, cerium, chromium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, gallium, germanium, gadolinium, hafnium, holmium, indium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, neodymium, praseodymium, platinum, ruthenium, sulfur, antimony, scandium, selenium, silicon, samarium, tin, tantalum, terbium, tellurium, thorium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.
5. The rotary drill bit of claim 4 wherein the at least one alloying element includes at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of iron and tungsten.
6. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alloying element includes copper.
7. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alloying element includes boron.
8. The rotary drill bit of claim 7 wherein the at least one alloying element is substantially free of boron carbide.
9. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the one or more intermetallic compounds are present in an amount of about 90 weight % to about 97 weight % of the alloy.
10. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the plurality of diamond grains exhibit an average grain size of about 30 μm or less, and wherein the alloy is present in an amount of 1 weight % to about 7.5 weight %.
11. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body configured to engage a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of polycrystalline diamond cutting elements affixed to the bit body, at least one of the polycrystalline diamond cutting elements including:
a substrate; and
a polycrystalline diamond table including an upper surface spaced from an interfacial surface that is bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including an alloy comprising at least one Group VIII metal and at least one alloying element, the alloy including one or more solid solution phases and one or more intermediate compounds, wherein the one or more solid solution phases include the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one alloying element, wherein the one or more intermediate compounds include the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one alloying element, the alloy being disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, the one or more intermediate compounds forming about 90 weight % to about 97 weight % of at least a portion of the alloy, wherein the plurality of diamond grains and the alloy of at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds or more.
12. The rotary drill bit of claim 11 wherein the polycrystalline diamond table is integrally formed with the substrate.
13. The rotary drill bit of claim 11 wherein the at least one alloying element includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, boron, cerium, chromium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, gallium, germanium, gadolinium, hafnium, holmium, indium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, neodymium, praseodymium, platinum, ruthenium, sulfur, antimony, scandium, selenium, silicon, samarium, tin, tantalum, terbium, tellurium, thorium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.
14. The rotary drill bit of claim 13 wherein the at least one alloying element includes at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of iron and tungsten.
15. The rotary drill bit of claim 11 wherein the at least one alloying element includes boron.
16. The rotary drill bit of claim 11 wherein the at least one alloying element includes at least one Group V element.