Surface treatment of ultra-high molecular weight polymers
The methods and compounds disclosed herein relate to the surface modification of UHMWPs by means of a catalytic C—H bond insertion catalyst using a rhodium catalysts in conjunction with carbene-generating diazo compounds. The catalytic treatment imparts covalently added functionality to the UHMWPE surface. This functionality acts as an excellent grafting mechanism for grafting, bonding, or adhering further materials to the UHMWPs surface.
1. A method comprising:
reacting a polyolefinic material with
a rhodium catalyst; and
a diazo group containing compound defined as
N 2 C(R 1 )(R 2 )
to form a functionalized polyolefinic material with a functional group bonded to the backbone of the polyolefin chain, the functional group defined as
—CH(R 1 )(R 2 )
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group and R 2 is a polar group;
wherein the polar group is an ester or an amide;
wherein the alkyl group of R 1 is selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein the functionalized polyolefinic material is an ultra high molecular weight polyolefin, having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 g/mol.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight-average molecular weight of the functionalized polyolefinic material is no less than 1% lower than the weight-average molecular weight of the polyolefinic material prior to the reacting step.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefinic material is a thread, yarn, or woven material.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar group is an ester or an amide.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the polar group is an ester or an amide;
wherein the ester group is defined as —C(O)O—R 3 , wherein R 3 is H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
the amide is defined as -E(O) x N(R 4 )(R 5 ), wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, E is C, P, or S and x is 1 or 2.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional group forms a moiety for a secondary functionalization and further comprising performing a secondary functionalization on the functional group.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directly bonding the functionalized polyolefinic material to a secondary material or adhering the functionalized polyolefinic material to a secondary material with an adhesive.
8. A material comprising:
a functionalized polyolefinic material including a functional group bonded to the backbone of the polyolefin chain, the functional group defined as
—CH(R 1 )(R 2 )
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group and R 2 is a polar group;
wherein the polar group is an ester or an amide;
wherein the functionalized polyolefinic material is an ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin, having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 g/mol;
wherein the alkyl group of R 1 is selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
9. The material of claim 8 , wherein the functionalized polyolefinic material is polyethylene.
10. The material of claim 8 , wherein the polar group is an amide.
11. The material of claim 8 , wherein the polyolefinic material is a thread, yarn, or woven material.
12. The material of claim 8 , further comprising a secondary material, the secondary material being directly bonded or adhered with an adhesive to the functionalized polyolefinic material.
13. The material of claim 8 , wherein the material is body or vehicle armor.
14. The material of claim 12 , wherein the secondary material comprises a material with antibiotic or antibacterial properties.
15. The material of claim 8 , wherein the surface energy of the functionalized polyolefinic material is increased in comparison to a non-functionalized polyolefinic material of the same type and a yield strength as determined by ASTM 638-14 of the functionalized polyolefinic material is the same within the bounds of experimental error as compared to the yield strength of a non-functionalized polyolefinic material of the same type.
16. A material comprising:
a functionalized polyolefinic material including a functional group bonded to the backbone of the polyolefin chain, the functional group defined as
—CH(R 1 )(R 2 )
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group and R 2 is a polar group;
wherein the functionalized polyolefinic material is an ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin, having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 g/mol
wherein the alkyl group of R 1 is selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the polar group is an ester or an amide;
wherein the ester group is defined as —C(O)O—R 3 , wherein R 3 is H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
the amide is defined as -E(O) x N(R 4 )(R 5 ), wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, E is C, P, or S and x is 1 or 2.
17. The material of claim 16 , further comprising a secondary material, the secondary material being directly bonded or adhered with an adhesive to the functionalized polyolefinic material.
18. The material of claim 17 , wherein the secondary material comprises a material with antibiotic or antibacterial properties.
19. The material of claim 16 , wherein the amide is defined as -E(O) x N(R 4 )(R 5 ), wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, E is C, P, or S and x is 1 or 2.
20. The material of claim 8 , wherein the amide is defined as -E(O) x N(R 4 )(R 5 ), wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group selected from linear, branched, aromatic, cyclic, or aliphatic groups, and the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, E is C, P, or S and x is 1 or 2.