Multimetallic catalysts
A multimetallic catalyst having a substrate, promoter and catalytic metal.
1. A catalyst for n-butane dehydrogenation comprising:
a substrate surface consisting essentially of an oxide;
a promoter comprising an oxide consisting of MO x where M is a transition metal or main group elemental and x is greater than 0, the promoter deposited on the substrate;
a catalytic material comprising a platinum group metal, a first dopant and a second dopant;
the first dopant selected from the group consisting of Group 13 cations, Group 1 cations, and Group 2 cations;
wherein the platinum group metal is between the promoter and the first dopant.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst exhibits 10-60% selectivity for 1,3 butadiene.
3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst exhibits 40-99% conversion of 1,3-butadiene.
4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant is boron.
5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises an oxide of a material selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, and Zn.
6. A method of forming 1,3 butadiene comprising:
exposing n-butane to a catalyst comprising M 1 /M′/M 2 /E x O y where the catalyst M′ is a Pt group metal, M 1 is a first transition metal or a main group element material, M 2 is a second transition metal or a main group element material and E is Si, Al, Ti, or Zr and x and y represent stoichiometric amounts;
forming 1,3 butadiene.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein forming the 1,3 butadiene comprises a selectivity for 1,3 butadiene of 10-60%.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein exposing the n-butane is at a temperature of between 250° C. and 650° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , where the temperature is 500° C. to 600° C.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein exposing the n-butane comprises exposing the n-butane to at least 3.6 mg of catalyst.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein exposing the n-butane comprises exposing the n-butane to at least 13 mg of catalyst.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a group 13 dopant.
13. A method of forming 1,3 butadiene comprising:
exposing 1-butene to a catalyst comprising a Pt group metal, first dopant consisting of a first transition metal or a main group element material, a second dopant consisting of a second transition metal or a main group element material and a substrate comprising an oxide of Si, Al, Ti, or Zr, the first dopant and the second dopant positioned between the substrate and the Pt group metal;
forming 1,3 butadiene.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming the 1,3 butadiene comprises a selectivity for 1,3 butadiene of 10-60%.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein exposing the n-butane is at a temperature of between 250° C. and 650° C.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a group 13 dopant.
17. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the promoter comprises a partial mono-layer on the substrate.
18. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the promoter consists of isolated sites on the substrate.
19. The catalyst of claim 18 , wherein the isolated sites are selected from the group consisting of clusters, islands, particles, and flakes.