Electrical contacts in layered structures
Provided herein are layered structures and methods for forming the same, the layered structures including a conductive layer and an overcoat layer formed on a surface thereof, one or more electrical contacts formed on the surface of the conductive layers and via openings extending through the overcoat layer and reaching the electrical contacts.
1. A method of forming a layered structure, the method comprising:
conveying a moving web of a film material in a conveying path, wherein the film material comprises a conductive layer comprising a plurality of networking conductive nanostructures;
depositing a flowable overcoat material on the conductive layer;
providing an electrical contact on the flowable overcoat material;
pressing the electrical contact to penetrate the flowable overcoat material for physically contacting the conductive layer; and
hardening the flowable overcoat material as an overcoat layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein hardening the flowable overcoat material as an overcoat layer comprises drying and curing the flowable overcoat material.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the flowable overcoat material is a reflowable polymer.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reflowable polymer comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), a dissolved powder coating resin, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, a hydroxyl functional monomer, a carboxylate functional monomer, an amine monomer, or an epoxy monomer.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the flowable overcoat material is a polymer or copolymer comprising acrylate monomers represented by the following formula:
wherein, R 1 is hydrogen or alkyl,
L is a direct bond, an alkylene chain or an alkylene oxide chain;
R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino (including mono-, di-substituted amino), glycidyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein conveying a moving web of a film material in a conveying path comprises driving the moving web in the conveying path by a roll.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the film material further comprises a substrate.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adhering the conductive layer to the substrate.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising coating an ink composition comprising the plurality of networking conductive nanostructures on the substrate with or without a pattern.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ink composition further comprises a surfactant, a viscosity modifier, and a solvent.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the ink composition further comprises a light-scattering material.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing a flowable overcoat material on the conductive layer comprises overlaying a functional film on the conductive layer.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing an electrical contact on the flowable overcoat material comprises depositing an ink having conductive nanoparticles or a solid conductive material on the flowable overcoat material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein pressing the electrical contact to penetrate the flowable overcoat material for physically contacting the conductive layer comprises applying force on the electrical contact for deforming the electrical contact.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of networking conductive nanostructures comprises silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing a flowable overcoat material on the conductive layer comprises depositing the flowable overcoat material on the conductive layer by a slot die coating head.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer further comprises a light-scattering material.