Upgrading of a raw blend into a diesel fuel substitute: poly(dimethoxymethane)
A method for forming poly(dimethoxymethane) includes a step of separating a formaldehyde-containing blend into a first bottom stream and a first top stream. The first formaldehyde-containing blend includes methanol, formaldehyde, and water while the first bottom stream includes water. The first top stream includes dimethoxymethane that is produced from the reaction between methanol and formaldehyde. The first top stream is separated into a second bottom stream and a second top stream. The second bottom stream includes poly(dimethoxymethane) while the second top stream includes dimethoxymethane, methanol, and ethanol. The second top stream is separated into a third bottom stream and a third top stream. Third bottom stream includes methanol and ethanol while the third top stream includes dimethoxymethane. The third top steam can be recycled to form additional poly(dimethoxymethane). A system that implements the method is also provided.
1. A system for forming poly(dimethoxymethane) comprising:
a first reaction and separation station that receives a formaldehyde-containing blend and outputs a first bottom stream and a first top stream, the formaldehyde-containing blend including methanol, formaldehyde, and water, the first top stream including dimethoxymethane that is produced from a reaction between methanol and formaldehyde, the first bottom stream including water;
a heat exchanger that recovers heat from the first bottom stream provided to heat the formaldehyde-containing blend;
a second reaction and separation station that receives the first top stream and outputs a second bottom stream and a second top stream, the second bottom stream including poly(dimethoxymethane) and the second top stream including dimethoxymethane, methanol and ethanol;
a third separation station that receives the second top stream and outputs a third bottom stream and a third top stream, the third bottom stream including methanol and ethanol and the third top stream including dimethoxymethane; and
a heater that receives the first top stream and the third top stream such that the third top stream is recycled back to the third separation station.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the first reaction and separation station includes a feedstock that is composed of at least 40-70 mole % alcohols, 5-20 mole % aldehydes and 15-40 mole % water.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a recycle loop that recycles dimethoxymethane from the third separation station back to the second reaction and separation station.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first reaction and separation station includes up to 30 mole % water.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the second reaction and separation station includes methylal, methanol, ethanol and unreacted formaldehyde.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the first reaction and separation station includes a first separation column.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the first reaction and separation column including an acid catalyst that promotes acetylation.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the second reaction and separation station includes a second separation column.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the second separation column includes an acid catalyst that promotes accelerates equilibrium between dimethoxymethane, formaldehyde, and methanol, the acid catalyst includes a component selected from the group consisting aluminosilicate catalysts, copper modified alumina catalyst, sulfonic acid ion exchange resins, ionic liquids and combinations thereof.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the second separation station includes a catalytic reaction vessel followed by a distillation column.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the acid catalyst also promotes reaction between dimethoxymethane, poly(dimethoxymethane), and formaldehyde to produced poly(dimethoxymethane) n with n=3-5.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the third separation station is a distillation column in which dimethoxymethane is separated from alcohols methanol and ethanol.