Encapsulation system for protection of probiotics during processing
Comestible products, for example beverage products, are disclosed containing encapsulated probiotic bacteria having resistance to subjection to at least thermal and acidic conditions. Beverage products include at least one aqueous liquid and capsules comprising a gelled mixture of alginate and denatured protein, and probiotic bacteria entrapped within the gelled mixture. The average particle size of the capsules is optionally less than 1000 microns (μm) in diameter, such as less than 500 μm in diameter. Methods are provided for making such encapsulated probiotics by providing a mixture comprising sodium alginate, denatured protein and active probiotic cells, and combining the mixture with a divalent cation to initiate cold gelation of the sodium alginate and denatured protein to form a second mixture. The second mixture is passed through an opening having a diameter of less than 1000 μm to form capsules. The weight ratio of protein to alginate is from 1:1 to 9:1.
1. A food product comprising:
a plurality of capsules comprising a gelled mixture of (i) substantially chemically unreacted alginate selected from a group consisting of sodium alginate and potassium alginate, (ii) denatured whey protein isolate, and (iii) 1.0×10 9 -1.0×10 12 colony forming units (CFU) of probiotic bacteria cells per gram of the capsules;
wherein the weight ratio of the whey protein isolate to the alginate is between 1:1 and 9:1;
wherein the capsules have an average particle size of between 1 micron and 1000 microns (μm) in diameter; and
wherein each of the plurality of capsules has an outer shell and an interior material comprising the same biopolymers, and wherein the outer shell has a denser polymerization than the interior material.
2. The food product of claim 1 , wherein the food product is a beverage, and wherein the beverage further comprises:
at least one aqueous liquid; and
between 0.1 grams and 3 grams of the plurality of capsules per fluid ounce of the beverage.
3. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the whey protein to the alginate is from 1:1 to 4:1.
4. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the at least one aqueous liquid consists essentially of fruit juice or vegetable juice.
5. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the at least one aqueous liquid comprises a fruit juice selected from the group consisting of orange juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, pineapple juice, apple juice, mango juice, coconut juice, and a combination of any of them.
6. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the average particle size of the capsules is less than 500 microns in diameter.
7. The beverage of claim 2 , further comprising a vegetable component.
8. The beverage of claim 2 , further comprising a natural non-nutritive sweetener selected from the group consisting of a rebaudioside, a steviol glycoside, Stevia rebaudiana extract, Lo Han Guo, mogroside V, monatin, glycyrrhizin, thaumatin, monellin, brazzein, and mixtures of any of them.
9. The beverage of claim 8 , wherein the natural non-nutritive sweetener is selected from the group consisting of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, steviolbioside, dulcoside A, and a combination thereof.
10. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of capsules comprise beads.
11. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the probiotic bacteria comprises Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., or mixtures thereof.
12. The beverage of claim 2 , wherein the beverage comprises viable probiotic bacteria in an amount of at least 1.0×10 6 CFU/gram capsules when the beverage product is stored at a temperature of 22-25° C. for at least two weeks.
13. The food product of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the whey protein to the alginate is from 1:1 to 3:1.
14. The beverage of claim 2 , further comprising at least one additional ingredient selected from the group consisting of taste modifiers, organic acids, flavorants, vitamins, minerals, buffering agents, colorants, and mixtures of any of them.
15. The beverage of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and mixtures of any of them.
16. The beverage of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is at least one mineral selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof.
17. The beverage of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is vitamin D.