Creating treatment field using initial field and patient specific geometry and achievable dose

1. A method for determining a radiation treatment plan for controlling a radiation treatment system to provide radiation to a patient, the method comprising performing by a computer system:

receiving one or more images associated with the patient;

identifying a target area within the patient based on the one or more images;

receiving a selection of a radiation treatment template, wherein the radiation treatment template includes:

an arc field with an arc field pathway such that the radiation treatment system provides radiation to the target area while a gantry of the radiation treatment system is moving along the arc field pathway, and

a static field such that the radiation treatment system provides radiation to the target area while the gantry is stationary, the static field having a position at an initial position value;

obtaining a cost function that outputs a quality score that varies with position values of the static field;

optimizing the position of the static field by changing the position of the static field and identifying an optimal position value having an optimal quality score, wherein the position of the static field is constrained to be located within a predefined distance of the initial position value; and

generating a radiation treatment plan using the arc field with the arc field pathway and the static field having the optimal position value, the radiation treatment plan including specifications for providing radiation with the radiation treatment system to the patient over time, along the arc field pathway and at the optimal position value.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining a cost function includes:

determining a dose distribution based on the initial position value of the static field, the dose distribution including different doses associated with different locations inside the patient;

determining a dose gradient based on the dose distribution, the dose gradient including a vector associated with each location inside the patient, each vector indicating a direction of change for the position of the static field that causes the greatest increase in dose at the associated location; and

determining one or more quality index functions associated with one or more volumes based on the dose gradient, each quality index function providing a vector indicating a direction of change for the position of the static field that causes the greatest increase in a mean dose at the associated volume, wherein the cost function includes the one or more quality index functions that change based on the dose gradient.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more volumes include a first volume associated with the target area and a second volume associated with a healthy organ.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the quality score is improved when a mean dose associated with the target area is increased and when a mean dose associated with the healthy organ is decreased.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cost function includes a first term associated with the mean dose for the target area, the first term including a minimum mean dose value, and wherein the cost function includes a second term associated with the mean dose for the healthy organ, the second term including a maximum mean dose value.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the quality score is improved when the mean dose for the target area exceeds the minimum mean dose value, wherein the quality score is penalized when the mean dose for the target area is less than the minimum mean dose value, a first penalization amount increasing as the mean dose for the target area is reduced, wherein the quality score is improved when the mean dose for the healthy organ is less than the maximum mean dose value, and wherein the quality score is penalized when the mean dose for the healthy organ exceeds the maximum mean dose value, a second penalization amount increasing as the mean dose for the healthy organ increases.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cost function includes a first weight specifying a magnitude with which the first penalization amount affects the quality score, and wherein the cost function includes a second weight specifying a magnitude with which the second penalization amount affects the quality score.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the position of the static field includes a gantry position, a treatment bed position, and a collimator position.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the dose gradient includes a partial derivative of the dose distribution with respect to gantry position, a partial derivative of the dose distribution with respect to treatment bed position, and a partial derivative of the dose distribution with respect to collimator position.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target area includes a tumor.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the static field is a first static field, and wherein the radiation treatment template further includes:

a second static field such that the radiation treatment system provides radiation to the target area while the gantry is stationary, the second static field having a position at a second initial position value,

wherein the cost function quality score varies with position values of both the first static field and the second static field, the method further comprising:

optimizing the position of the first static field together with the position of the second static field by identifying a first optimal position value for the first static field and a second optimal position value for the second static field, the first optimal position value and the second optimal position value having an optimal quality score, wherein the position of the second static field is constrained to be located within a second predefined distance of the second initial position value.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the arc field pathway of the arc field is not optimized for the radiation treatment plan.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

providing the radiation treatment plan to a control system of the radiation treatment system; and

controlling, by the control system, one or more components of the radiation treatment system to provide radiation to the patient according to the specifications of the radiation treatment plan.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radiation treatment template is selected based on a location of the target area.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target area is a first target area having a first isocenter within the patient, the method further comprising:

identifying a second target area within the patient based on the one or more images, the second target area having a second isocenter within the patient;

determining a transformation that transforms the first isocenter to be the second isocenter;

using the transformation to transform the arc field and the static field to generate a second arc field with a second arc field pathway and a second static field having a second position; and

generating a second radiation treatment plan using the second arc field and the second static field, the second radiation treatment plan including specifications for providing radiation with the radiation treatment system to the patient over time, along the second arc field pathway and at the second position.

16. A method for determining a radiation treatment plan, the method comprising:

receiving one or more images associated with a patient;

identifying a first target area within the patient based on the one or more images, the first target area having a first isocenter within the patient;

determining, at a computer, one or more first fields such that a radiation treatment system provides radiation to the first target area,

identifying a second target area within the patient based on the one or more images, the second target area having a second isocenter within the patient;

determining a transformation that transforms the first isocenter to be the second isocenter;

using the transformation to transform the one or more first fields to generate one or more second fields; and

generating a treatment plan using the one or more first fields and the one or more second fields, the radiation treatment plan including specifications for providing radiation with the radiation treatment system to the patient over time according to the one or more first fields and the one or more second fields.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more first fields include:

a first arc field with a first arc field pathway such that the radiation treatment system provides radiation to the first target area while a gantry of the radiation treatment system is moving along the first arc field pathway, and

a first static field having a first position such that the radiation treatment system provides radiation to the first target area while the gantry is stationary,

wherein the one or more second fields include:

a second arc field with a second arc field pathway, and

a second static field having a second position, and

wherein the radiation treatment plan specifications include providing radiation with the radiation treatment system to the patient over time along the first arc field pathway and at the first position and along the second arc field pathway and at the second position.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the transformation includes at least one of a rotation, a translation, and a scaling.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first isocenter is associated with a first location, wherein the second isocenter is associated with a second location, wherein the first position of the first static field includes a third location, wherein the second position of the second static field includes a fourth location, wherein a translation transforms the first location into the second location, and wherein the translation is used to translate the third location into the fourth location.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the transformation includes mirroring the first static field and the second arc field across a bisecting line located midway between the first isocenter and the second isocenter.