Paint circuits
Processes and formulations for manufacturing a painted circuit are disclosed. In some implementations, a painted circuit can be manufactured using a process including providing a substrate and applying one or more paint layers on a surface of the substrate, where the one or more paint layers each form an electrical component of the painted circuit. A given paint layer of the one or more paint layers can include a conductive paint formulation having a resistance that is defined by a concentration of conductive material that is included in the conductive paint formulation and a thickness of the given paint layer, and lower concentrations of the conductive material included in the conductive paint formulation provide a higher resistance than higher concentrations of conductive material.
1. A process for manufacturing a painted circuit, the process comprising:
applying a battery anode paint to a substrate to yield a layer of the battery anode paint in direct contact with the substrate;
applying an ion bridge paint to less than all of the battery anode paint layer to yield a layer of the ion bridge paint in direct contact with the battery anode paint layer;
applying a battery cathode paint to the ion bridge paint layer to yield a layer of the battery cathode paint in direct contact with the ion bridge paint layer;
applying a solar cell anode paint to less than all of the battery cathode paint layer to yield a layer of the solar cell anode paint in direct contact with the battery cathode paint layer;
applying a photosensitized paint to the solar cell anode paint layer to yield a layer of the photosensitized paint in direct contact with the solar cell anode paint layer;
applying a solar cell cathode paint to the photosensitized paint layer to yield a layer of the solar cell cathode paint in direct contact with the photosensitized paint layer;
forming a diode paint circuit between the battery anode paint layer and the solar cell cathode layer, the forming including:
applying an electron conducting paint to less than all of the battery anode paint layer to yield a layer of the electron conducting paint in direct contact with the battery anode paint layer;
applying a hole conducting paint to the electron conducting paint layer to yield a layer of the hole conducting paint in direct contact with the electron conducting paint layer; and
wherein the diode paint circuit is formed and is physically separated from each of the photosensitized paint layer, the solar cell anode paint layer, the battery cathode paint layer, and the ion bridge paint layer; and
applying a transparent protective paint to the solar cell cathode paint layer to yield a layer of the transparent protective paint in direct contact with the solar cell cathode paint layer.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
applying a transistor paint to less than all of the battery cathode layer to yield a layer of transistor paint in direct contact with the battery cathode layer and in electrical contact with the solar cell anode paint layer;
forming a light-emitting circuit between the transistor paint layer and the transparent protective paint layer, the forming including:
applying the electron conducting paint to less than all of the transistor paint layer to yield a layer of the electron conducting paint in direct contact with the transistor paint layer;
applying a phosphorescent paint to the electron conducting paint layer to yield a layer of phosphorescent paint in direct contact with the electron conducting paint layer;
applying the hole conducting paint to the phosphorescent paint layer to yield a layer of the hole conducting paint in direct contact with the phosphorescent paint layer; and
wherein the light-emitting circuit is formed and is physically separated from the photosensitized paint layer; and
applying a conductor paint to less than all of the battery anode paint layer to yield a layer of conductor paint in direct contact with the battery anode paint layer and the light-emitting circuit and is physically separated from each of the ion bridge paint layer, the battery cathode paint layer, and the transistor paint layer.
3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising combining a dielectric material with a paint binder to yield the transistor paint.
4. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:
combining a phosphorescent material with water to yield a mixture; and
dissolving a polymer host material in the mixture to yield the phosphorescent paint.
5. A process for manufacturing a painted circuit, the process comprising:
applying an anode paint to a substrate to yield a layer of the anode paint in direct contact with the substrate;
applying an ion bridge paint to less than all of the anode paint layer to yield a layer of ion bridge paint in direct contact with the anode paint layer;
applying a photosensitized/battery cathode paint to the ion bridge paint layer to yield a layer of the photosensitized/battery cathode paint in direct contact with the ion bridge paint layer;
applying a solar cell cathode paint to less than all of the photosensitized/battery cathode paint layer to yield a layer of the solar cell cathode paint in direct contact with the photosensitized/battery cathode paint layer; and
applying a transparent protective layer paint to the solar cell cathode paint layer to yield a layer of the transparent protective paint in direct contact with the solar cell cathode paint layer.
6. The process of claim 5 , further comprising dissolving a cationic fast ion conductor in water to yield the solar cell cathode paint.
7. The process of claim 5 , further comprising:
dissolving a salt in water to yield a salt solution;
combining an electron acceptor with the salt solution to yield a mixture; and
dissolving an anionic fast ion conductor in the mixture to yield the anode paint.
8. The process of claim 5 , further comprising:
combining a dye with water to yield a mixture; and
dissolving an anionic fast ion conductor in the mixture to yield photosensitized/battery cathode paint.
9. The process of claim 5 , further comprising:
combining an ionic material with water to yield a mixture; and
dissolving an ionic-conducting material in the mixture to yield the ion bridge paint.
10. A process for manufacturing a painted circuit, the process comprising:
applying an electron transport paint to a substrate to yield a layer of the electron transport paint in direct contact with the substrate;
applying an electroluminescent paint or a photosensitizing paint to the electron transport paint layer to yield a layer of the electroluminescent paint or the photosensitizing paint, respectively, in direct contact with the electron transport paint layer, wherein the electroluminescent paint comprises combining an electroluminescent material with water to yield a mixture and dissolving a polymer host material in the mixture to yield the electroluminescent paint; and
applying a hole transport paint to the electroluminescent paint layer or to the photosensitizing paint layer to yield a layer of the hole transport paint in direct contact with the electroluminescent paint layer or the photosensitizing paint layer, respectively.
11. A process for manufacturing a painted circuit, the process comprising:
applying a solar cell anode paint to a substrate to yield a layer of the solar cell anode paint in direct contact with the substrate;
applying a photosensitized paint to less than all of the solar cell anode paint layer to yield a layer of photosensitized paint in direct contact with the solar cell anode paint layer;
forming an output regulator circuit on top of the solar cell anode paint layer, the forming including:
applying a resistor paint to less than all of the solar cell anode paint layer to yield a layer of resistor paint in direct contact with the solar cell anode paint layer and adjacent and in electrical contact to the photosensitized paint layer;
applying a transistor paint to the resistor paint layer to yield a layer or transistor paint in direct contact with the resistor paint layer;
applying a solar cell cathode paint to the photosensitized paint layer and the transistor paint layer to yield a layer of solar cell cathode paint in direct contact with the photosensitized paint layer and the transistor paint layer; and
applying a transparent protective paint to the solar cell cathode paint layer to yield a layer of transparent protective paint in direct contact with the solar cell cathode paint layer.
12. The process of claim 11 , further comprising:
combining the conductive material with water to yield a mixture; and
dissolving an acrylic material in the mixture to yield the resistor paint.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the resistor paint is an electron conducting paint.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-containing material.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the carbon-containing material is doped with an n-type dopant.
16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the resistor paint is a hole conducting paint.
17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the conductive material comprises p-type nanoparticles.
18. The process of claim 12 , wherein the conductive material comprises a p-type polymer.