Fluid catalytic cracking process and apparatus for maximizing light olefin yield and other applications
Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.
1. A system for cracking hydrocarbons, comprising:
a first reactor for contacting a mixture comprising first particles and second particles with a hydrocarbon feedstock to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock to lighter hydrocarbons;
an overhead product line for recovering from the first reactor a first stream comprising first particles, a first portion of the second particles, and hydrocarbons;
a bottoms product line for recovering from the first reactor a second stream comprising a second portion of the second particles;
a particle separator for separating second particles from the first stream, producing a hydrocarbon effluent comprising hydrocarbons and the first particles;
a feed line for returning separated second particles from the particle separator to the first reactor;
a riser reactor for contacting a mixture of the first particles and the second particles with a second hydrocarbon feedstock to convert at least a portion of the second hydrocarbon feedstock to lighter hydrocarbons and recover a riser reactor effluent comprising the lighter hydrocarbons and the mixture of the first and second particles;
a separation system for separating the second particles from the hydrocarbon effluent and for separating the mixture of first and second particles from the riser reactor effluent; and
a regenerator for regenerating first and second particles recovered in the second separator and the second portion of the second particles recovered in the bottoms product line.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a stripper intermediate the separation system and the regenerator for stripping additional hydrocarbons from the separated particles and feeding the stripped particles to the regenerator.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a second separation system for separating a hydrocarbon product stream recovered from the second separator into two or more hydrocarbon fractions including a naphtha fraction.
4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a feed line for feeding the naphtha fraction to the reactor as the hydrocarbon feedstock.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first feed line for feeding fresh second catalyst to the reactor;
a second feed line for feeding fresh first catalyst to the regenerator.