Cylinder liners with adhesive metallic layers and methods of forming the cylinder liners
A coated cylinder liner 20 comprises a wear resistant layer 22 , such as a DLC coating, and a metallic adhesive layer 24 , such as chromium or titanium, deposited on an inner surface 26 thereof. The layers 22, 24 each have a thickness t w , t a varying by not more than 5% along at least 70% of the length of the inner surface 26 . The metallic adhesive layer 24 is deposited by sputtering a consumable metallic electrode 28 onto the inner surface 26 . The sputtering can be magnetron sputtering. The consumable metallic electrode 28 can include a hollow opening 40 with orifices 50 for providing a carrier gas into the deposition chamber 52 . In addition, the inner surface 26 of the cylinder liner 20 can provide the deposition chamber 52 by sealing a first opening 36 and second opening 38 of the cylinder liner 20.
1. A cylinder liner, comprising:
a body extending from a first body end to a second body end;
said body including an inner surface extending from said first body end to said second body and having an inner length extending from said first body end to said second body end;
said inner surface surrounding a center axis to present a bore and a first opening at said first body end and a second opening at said second body end;
a first layer disposed over said inner surface;
a metallic adhesive layer disposed between said first layer and said inner surface, said metallic adhesive layer being formed of metal;
said metallic adhesive layer having a thickness extending between said inner surface and said center axis; and
said thickness of metallic adhesive layer varying by not more than 5% along at least 70% of said inner length.
2. The cylinder liner of claim 1 , wherein said thickness of metallic adhesive layer varies by not more than 3% along at least 70% of said inner length.
3. The cylinder liner of claim 1 , wherein said metallic adhesive layer is disposed on said inner surface by sputtering a consumable metallic electrode formed of said metal onto said inner surface, said body includes an outer surface facing opposite said inner surface; and said metallic adhesive layer extends along said second body end and a portion of said outer surface.
4. The cylinder liner of claim 3 wherein said metallic adhesive layer extends along a portion of said first body end.
5. The cylinder liner of claim 1 wherein said metal of said metallic adhesive layer is selected from the group consisting of chromium and titanium, and wherein said first layer is a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating.
6. A cylinder liner for receiving a piston of an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a body formed of a metal material extending circumferentially along a center axis and longitudinally between from a first body end to a second body end;
said body including an inner surface facing said center axis and extending longitudinally from said first body end to said second body end;
said inner surface surrounding said center axis and presenting a bore between said first body end and said second body end;
said inner surface having an inner length extending from said first body end to said second body end;
said first body end presenting a first opening surrounding said center axis;
said second body end presenting a second opening surrounding said center axis and having a circular shape;
said bore having volume capable of receiving a piston such that said piston can reciprocate within said cylinder liner and slide along said inner surface during operation of the internal combustion engine;
said body presenting an outer surface facing opposite said inner surface and extending longitudinally from said first body end to said second body end;
said outer surface having an outer length extending from said first body end to said second body end;
said metal material of said body having a hardness of at least 20 HRC and a thermal conductivity of 40 to 50 W/(m·K);
said metal material of said body consisting of steel or a steel alloy;
a first layer disposed on said inner surface, said first layer produced by a sputtering process;
said first layer being a diamond-like carbon (DLC) material;
said first layer extending continuously from said first body end to said second body end;
said first layer having a thickness extending between said inner surface and said center axis;
said thickness of said first layer varying by not more than 5% along at least 70% of said inner length; and
a metallic adhesive layer disposed between said first layer and said inner surface;
said metallic adhesive layer adhering said first layer to said inner surface;
said metallic adhesive layer including at least one of chromium and titanium;
said metallic adhesive layer having a thickness extending between said inner surface and said center axis;
said thickness of said metallic adhesive layer varying by not more than 5% along at least 70% of said inner length; and
said metallic adhesive layer being disposed on said second body end and along 1 to 40% of said outer length adjacent said second body end.