Optical limiters for facilitating aperture protection

1. A system comprising:

an optical device comprising:

a photocathode configured to emit electrons in response to an applied voltage and an incident light; and

a phase change material, wherein at least a portion of the phase change material is configured to:

receive the electrons from the photocathode;

transition from a first phase to a second phase in response to the electrons; and

reflect the incident light when the portion of the phase change material is in the second phase; and

a first electrode configured to pass the incident light to the photocathode, wherein the first electrode is adjacent to the photocathode.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical device further comprises:

a second electrode adjacent to the phase change material, wherein the portion of the phase change material is configured to reflect the incident light to prevent the incident light from reaching the second electrode.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the optical device further comprises:

a first metal pad in contact with the first electrode;

a second metal pad in contact with the second electrode; and

a power source configured to provide the applied voltage to the photocathode and the phase change material via the first and second metal pads.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photocathode is separated from the phase change material by a vacuum gap.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the incident light has a wavelength within a wavelength response range and an irradiance above a threshold irradiance.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the threshold irradiance is based at least in part on a value of the applied voltage.

7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the wavelength response range is based at least in part on a band gap associated with the photocathode.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material is configured to pass ambient light.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the phase change material is further configured to transition from the second phase to the first phase when no light within a wavelength response range and/or above a threshold irradiance is incident on the photocathode.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material comprises metal dopants.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is a vehicle, a sensor, a wearable device, or a multi-functional structure, wherein the portion of the phase change material is configured to reflect the incident light when the portion of the phase change material is in the second phase to provide protection to one or more operators of the system and/or one or more components of the system.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein:

the system is an aircraft vehicle;

the system further comprises:

a housing; and

one or more engagement elements coupled to the housing and configured to receive the optical device; and

the optical device provides a window structure configured to engage with the one or more engagement elements and selectively pass light into the aircraft vehicle.

13. A method of making the system of claim 1 , the method comprising:

providing the photocathode and the phase change material between the first electrode and a second electrode of the optical device, wherein the photocathode is in contact with the first electrode and the phase change material is in contact with the second electrode;

engaging the optical device with one or more engagement elements configured to receive the optical device; and

coupling a power source to the optical device.

14. A method comprising:

applying a voltage to a photocathode and a phase change material;

passing incident light to the photocathode via a first electrode adjacent to the photocathode;

receiving the incident light on at least a portion of the photocathode;

providing, by the photocathode to at least a portion of the phase change material, electrons in response to the applied voltage and the incident light;

transitioning the portion of the phase change material from a first phase to a second phase in response to the electrons; and

reflecting, by the portion of the phase change material, the incident light when the portion of the phase change material is in the second phase.

15. The method of claim 14 ,

wherein:

the reflecting prevents the incident light from reaching a second electrode, and

the second electrode is adjacent to the phase change material.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the providing comprises passing the electrons through a vacuum gap between the photocathode and the phase change material.

17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising passing ambient light through the photocathode and the phase change material.

18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising transitioning the portion of the phase change material from the second phase to the first phase when no light within a wavelength response range and/or above a threshold irradiance is incident on the photocathode.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising adjusting the threshold irradiance by adjusting the applied voltage.

20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the phase change material comprises metal dopants.