System and method for electroporation controlled by electrical impedance measurements
The present invention provides a system and a method for measuring an impedance of one or more target cells before and after an electroporation protocol has been applied to the one or more target cells. A result of the impedance measurement provides a feedback control that can be implemented during and/or after the electroporation protocol to customize an electrical treatment for a particular target cell or cellular tissue.
1. A device for delivery of electroporation and measurement of impedance of one or more target cells, the device comprising:
an electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes;
a pulsing and impedance measurement system coupled to the electrode array, the pulsing and impedance measurement system comprising:
an impedance measurement system configured to measure a first impedance of the one or more target cells following introduction of one or more molecules to be delivered to the one or more target cells;
an electric field generator configured to apply an electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells after the first impedance of the one or more target cells is measured, wherein the electroporation protocol comprises one or more adjustable parameters;
the impedance measurement system further configured to measure a second impedance of the one or more target cells following the application of the electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells;
a computer processing system running associated software, wherein the computer processing system is configured to compare the first impedance and the second impedance of the one or more target cells to determine if the application of the electroporation protocol has been effective in delivering the one or more molecules to the one or more target cells based upon the comparison of the first impedance and the second impedance of the one or more target cells;
the computer processing system further configured to provide feedback to the electric field generator to adjust the one or more adjustable parameters of the electroporation protocol based upon the comparison of the first impedance and the second impedance of the one or more target cells; and
the electric field generator further configured to apply a subsequent electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells, wherein the subsequent electroporation protocol comprises the adjusted one or more adjustable parameters.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are individually addressable electrodes.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the individually addressable electrodes are individually addressable needle electrodes.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the pulsing and impedance measurement system comprises:
a plurality of relays, one of each of the plurality of relays coupled to one electrode of the electrode array;
wherein the electric field generator is coupled to the plurality of relays;
wherein the impedance measurement system is coupled to the plurality of relays; and
wherein a controller is coupled to the plurality of relays.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the controller is configured to selectively couple the electric field generator or the impedance measurement system to the plurality of electrodes of the electrode array using one or more relays of the plurality of relays, wherein;
the controller is configured to couple the impedance measurement system to the electrode array using one or more relays of the plurality of relays to measure the first impedance of the one or more target cells following the introduction of the one or more molecules to be delivered to the one or more target cells;
the controller is configured to couple the electric field generator to the electrode array using one or more relays of the plurality of relays to apply the electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells; and
the controller is configured to couple the impedance measurement system to the electrode array using one or more relays of the plurality of relays to measure the second impedance of the one or more target cells following the application of the electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to continue to couple the one or more relays of the plurality of relays between the electric field generator and the electrode array to apply the electroporation protocol to the one or more target cells and is configured to continue to couple the one or more relays of the plurality of relays between the impedance measurement system and the electrode array to measure the second impedance of the one or more target cells until a comparison of the first impedance and the second impedance of the one or more target cells indicates that the second impedance is lower than the first impedance by a predetermined amount.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the electric field generator is configured to generate a voltage of between 50 V/cm and 250 V/cm.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the impedance measurement system is a low-voltage impedance spectroscope to generate a 1V amplitude continuous sine wave excitation signal containing linearly spaced frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 kHz.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more adjustable parameters of the electroporation protocol are selected from an electrical pulse field strength, a number of electrical pulses and an electrical pulse duration.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein determining if the application of the electroporation protocol has been effective in delivering the one or more molecules to the one or more target cells based upon the comparison of the first impedance and the second impedance of the one or more target cells further comprises, determining if the second impedance is lower than the first impedance by a predetermined amount.