Methods for treating ocular diseases

1. A method for treating an ocular disease through reversing injury of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and enhancing ocular blood flow, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula A1:

wherein

R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5-membered or 6-membered unsaturated carbocycle or 5-membered or 6-membered heterocycle; (CH 2 )m R 4

X is C, —O—, —N— or —S—;

Y is —O—, —NH or —O—C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

n is an integer of 0 to 10;

m is an integer of 0 to 5;

R 2 and R 3 is independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

R 4 is C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl or 5-membered or 6-membered unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle which may be substituted with halogen, —CF 3 , —OR 7 or —NR 7 R 8 , wherein R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

R 5 is OH, NH 2 or C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5-membered or 6-membered unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle wherein the cycloalkyl, carbocycle and heterocycle may be optionally substituted with halogen, NH 2 , NO 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylthio, OR 7″ , NR 7 R 8 or CF 3 ; and

R 6 is H, C 1 -C 10 alkyl which may be substituted by hydroxy or C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, or together with R 1 being —C 2 H 2 —,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, prodrug or solvate thereof,

wherein the ocular disease is selected from the group consisting of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), uveitis, early stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic macular edema (DME).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is formulated into eye ointment, eye gel, eye cream, or eye drops.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is topically administered.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is:

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of general Formula A1 is administered orally to the subject 1-3 times a day and wherein an amount of the compound of general Formula A1 is from 0.5 to 50 mg in each oral administration.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the compound I is administered orally to the subject 1-3 times a day and wherein an amount of the compound I is from 0.5 to 50 mg in each oral administration.