Iron-based superconducting permanent magnet and method of manufacture
The present invention provides for polycrystalline superconducting permanent magnets which are synthesized of doped superconducting (AE) Fe 2 As 2 compounds, where AE denotes an alkaline earth metal, such as Ba, Sr, Mg or Ca. The superconducting permanent magnets of the present invention can be magnetized in their superconducting state by induced currents, resulting in trapped magnetization that scales with the size of the bulk material. The magnitude of the trapped field has been demonstrated to be over 1 T and is predicted to be over 10 T if the technology is scaled, which is much higher than the capabilities of permanent magnets and other superconducting polycrystalline bulks currently known in the art.
1. A superconducting permanent magnet comprising a superconducting polycrystalline bulk, the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprising alkali earth metal atoms, iron atoms and one or more pnictogen atoms, wherein a crystalline grain of the superconducting polycrystalline bulk is smaller than about 10 μm and wherein the magnet is capable of trapping a magnetic field greater than about 1 T at a temperature of less than about 40K.
2. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the magnet comprises a stack of superconducting polycrystalline bulk disks.
3. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprises a square lattice of the iron atoms forming a layered structure.
4. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk further comprises a stack of one or more polycrystalline cylinders.
5. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprises an untextured polycrystalline compound.
6. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprises a textured polycrystalline compound.
7. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein a magnetic field is distributed spatially and temporally substantially homogeneously within a defined area of the permanent magnet.
8. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprises a polycrystalline compound exhibiting a Vickers hardness of greater than about 1 GPa.
9. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting polycrystalline bulk comprises a polycrystalline compound exhibiting a fracture toughness of greater than about 1 MPa m 0.5 .
10. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the magnet is characterized in that in a planar surface perpendicular to magnetic field lines, the shortest distance from a center of the magnetic field lines to an edge of the planar surface is within a range of about 1 mm to about 10,000 mm.
11. The superconducting permanent magnet of claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnet forms a composite with a conducting material or an insulating material.
12. A superconducting permanent magnet comprising a superconducting polycrystalline bulk, the polycrystalline bulk of the magnet further comprising:
at least one superconducting polycrystalline bulk disk, the at least one superconducting polycrystalline bulk disk comprising;
a square lattice of iron atoms forming a layered structure;
one or more pnictogen atoms, and
alkali earth metal atoms, wherein a crystalline grain of the at least one superconducting polycrystalline bulk disk is smaller than about 10 μm and wherein the magnet is capable of trapping a magnetic field greater than about 1 T at a temperature of less than about 40K.