Integrated SMO gas sensor module
Miniature resistive gas detectors incorporate thin films that can selectively identify specific gases when heated to certain characteristic temperatures. A solid state gas sensor module is disclosed that includes a gas sensor, a heater, and a temperature sensor, stacked over an insulating recess. The insulating recess is partially filled with a support material that provides structural integrity. The solid state gas sensor module can be integrated on top of an ASIC on a common substrate. With sufficient thermal insulation, such a gas detector can be provided as a low-power component of mobile electronic devices such as smart phones. A method of operating a multi-sensor array allows detection of relative concentrations of different gas species by either using dedicated sensors, or by thermally tuning the sensors to monitor different gas species.
1. A gas sensor array, comprising:
a substrate; and
a plurality of solid state gas sensor array elements on the substrate, each of the plurality of solid state gas sensor array element including:
a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) sensor on the substrate;
a temperature sensor on the substrate;
a heater on the substrate;
an air gap, the SMO sensor, the temperature sensor, and the heater being spaced from the substrate by the air gap;
supports that extend through the air gap;
a first signal line coupled to the SMO sensor;
a second signal line coupled to the temperature sensor; and
a third signal line coupled to the heater.
2. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the SMO sensor, the temperature sensor, and the heater are housed in a thermally insulated unit integrated into the substrate.
3. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the gas sensor array has a total footprint area less than about 2.5 mm 2 .
4. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the SMO sensor includes dopants.
5. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the SMO sensor is doped with one or more of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), or silver (Ag).
6. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the SMO sensor has a variable resistance that changes with temperature.
7. The gas sensor array of claim 1 wherein the heater is configured to heat the SMO sensor to a selected temperature at which the SMO sensor is predominantly sensitive to a selected gas species.
8. The gas sensor array of claim 7 wherein the selected gas species is one of ethanol vapor, carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ).
9. A device, comprising:
a substrate; and
a plurality of solid state gas sensor modules arranged in an array on the substrate, each of the plurality of solid state gas sensor modules, including:
a cavity in the substrate;
a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) sensor that is spaced from the substrate by the cavity;
a heater that is spaced from the substrate by the cavity;
a temperature sensor that is spaced from the substrate by the cavity; and
support pillars in the cavity, the SMO sensor, the heater, and the temperature sensor being spaced from the substrate by the support pillars.
10. The device of claim 9 , further comprising:
an integrated circuit on the substrate, the integrated circuit being configured to control a heater of a first solid state gas sensor module of the plurality of solid state gas sensor modules to heat an SMO sensor of the first solid state gas sensor to a first temperature, the integrated circuit being configured to control a heater of a second solid state gas sensor module of the plurality of solid state gas sensor modules to heat an SMO sensor of the second solid state gas sensor to a second temperature, the second temperature being different from the first temperature.
11. The device of claim 9 wherein the heater is configured to heat the SMO sensor to a selected temperature at which the SMO sensor is sensitive to a selected gas species.
12. The device of claim of claim 9 wherein the SMO sensor is spaced from the heater by temperature sensor.
13. A device, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of gas sensor modules on the substrate, each of the plurality of gas sensor modules including:
a cavity in the substrate;
an insulating layer that is spaced from the substrate by the cavity;
a gas sensor on the insulating layer;
a heater on the insulating layer; and
a temperature sensor on the insulating layer; and
support pillars in the cavity, the gas sensor, the heater, and the temperature sensor being spaced from the substrate by the support pillars.
14. The device of claim 13 wherein the gas sensor is a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) sensor.
15. The device of claim 13 wherein the heater is configured to heat the gas sensor to a selected temperature at which the gas sensor is sensitive to a selected gas species.
16. The device of claim 13 , further comprising:
an integrated circuit on the substrate, the integrated circuit being configured to control the heater to heat the gas sensor to a selected temperature at which the gas sensor is sensitive to a selected gas species.