Defined multi-conjugate oligonucleotides
Defined multi-conjugate oligonucleotides can have predetermined sizes and compositions. For example, in various embodiment, defined multi-conjugate oligonucleotides can have advantageous properties, for example in the form of defined multi-conjugate siRNA (i.e., including two, three or more siRNA) having enhanced intracellular delivery and/or multi-gene silencing effects. In various embodiment, the defined multi-conjugate oligonucleotides can be synthesized via new synthetic intermediates and methods. The defined multi-conjugate oligonucleotides can be used, for example, in reducing gene expression, biological research, treating or preventing medical conditions, or to produce new or altered phenotypes in cells or organisms.
1. An isolated compound according to Structure 1:
X—R1-R2-A-R3-B (Structure 1)
wherein:
X is a nucleic acid bonded to R1 through its 3′ or 5′ terminus;
R1 is a phosphodiester, thiophosphodiester, sulfate, amide, glycol, or is absent;
R2 is a C2-C10 alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl group, or is absent;
A comprises a reaction product of a first nucleophile and a first electrophile;
R3 comprises C2-C10 alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, alkyldithio, ether, thioether, ester, thiopropionate, or disulfide; and
B is a group that comprises a second nucleophile or a second electrophile, wherein the second nucleophile is the same as the first nucleophile, and the second electrophile is the same as the first electrophile.
2. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein the first nucleophile and the first electrophile of A comprise (i) a thiol and a maleimide, (ii) a thiol and a vinylsulfone, (iii) a thiol and a pyridyldisulfide, (iv) a thiol and an iodoacetamide, (v) a thiol and an acrylate, (vi) an azide and an alkyne, or (vii) an amine and a carboxyl group.
3. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein:
R1 is a phosphodiester or thiophosphodiester;
R2 is a C2-C10 alkyl or alkoxy:
R3 is cleavable intracellularly; and
the first nucleophile and the second nucleophile are both thiol, and the first electrophile and the second electrophile are both maleimide.
4. The isolated compound of claim 3 , wherein:
R1 is a phosphodiester;
R2 is a C2-C10 alkyl; and
R3 comprises an alkyldithio.
5. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound further comprises a targeting ligand.
6. The isolated compound of claim 2 , wherein the reaction product of a thiol and a maleimide is a derivative of succinamic acid.
7. The isolated compound of claim 3 , wherein the reaction product of a thiol and a maleimide is a derivative of succinamic acid.
8. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is greater than or equal to 75% pure.
9. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is greater than or equal to 85% pure.
10. The isolated compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is greater than or equal to 95% pure.