Apparatus and method for recovery of material
Systems and methods for recovering material from a gas phase are provided. Exemplary systems include a moving bed of particles onto which material can be deposited. The systems can operate in a continuous or semi-continuous mode.
1. A recovery system comprising:
a housing having an interior volume, a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the housing comprising:
a first inlet at the first end for receiving a supply of moving bed particles into the interior volume, the moving bed particles being solid at the first inlet;
a second inlet for receiving gas-phase material comprising a metal to be condensed or deposited into the interior volume;
a first outlet at the second end for dispensing the supply of moving bed particles having the metal condensed or deposited thereon from the interior volume, at least some of the moving bed particles being non-solid at the first outlet; and
a second outlet for dispensing gas and capturing a fraction of liquid or volatilized matter from the non-solid moving bed particles and other byproducts from the interior volume; and
a condensation or deposition region between the first inlet and the first outlet for condensing or depositing the metal onto the moving bed particles and where the moving bed particles undergo a phase change from solid;
a temperature controller operably coupled to the interior volume of the housing to maintain temperature of the particles in the interior volume 50° C. to 300° C. below a boiling point of the metal if condensing the metal and 50° C. to 300° C. below a melting point of the metal if depositing the metal;
a collection vessel operably connected to the first outlet; and
a gas collection system in-line with the second outlet, the gas collection system including a vacuum source operably connected to the second outlet to maintain a partial pressure of any reactive gas in the interior volume to less than 10,000 pascals.
2. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain the partial pressure of any reactive gas within the interior volume to less than 5,000 pascals.
3. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the second inlet is configured to receive gas-phase material comprising one or more metals selected from the group of Zn, Mg, Mn, Sn, Al, Ca, Sb, Na, Bi, Be, Ti, Hf, Zr, Si, and Ge.
4. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain a supersaturation ratio for the metal in the interior volume of about 1 to about 500.
5. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain a supersaturation ratio for the metal in the interior volume of about 1 to about 50.
6. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain a supersaturation ratio for the metal in the interior volume of about 1 to about 5.
7. The recovery system of claim 1 , having an operating pressure from about 100 pascals to about 100,000 pascals.
8. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the second inlet is at the first end of the housing and the second outlet is at the second end of the housing, providing co-current flow for the moving bed particles and the gas-phase material.
9. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the second inlet is at the second end of the housing and the second outlet is at the first end of the housing, providing counter-current flow for the moving bed particles and the gas-phase material.
10. The recovery system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat source to heat the supply of moving bed particles.
11. A recovery system comprising:
a housing comprising:
a first inlet for receiving a supply of solid moving bed particles having an average cross-sectional length ratio relative to a diameter of the housing of between about 3:1 and about 15:1;
a second inlet for receiving gas-phase material comprising a metal to be condensed or deposited;
a first outlet for dispensing the supply of moving bed particles having the metal condensed or deposited thereon, at least some of the moving bed particles being non-solid at the first outlet; and
a second outlet for dispensing gas and other byproducts and capturing a fraction of liquid or volatilized matter from the non-solid moving bed particles; and
a condensation or deposition region between the first inlet and the first outlet for condensing or depositing metal onto the moving bed particles and where the moving bed particles absorb heat from the gas-phase material and undergo a phase change from solid;
a temperature controller operably coupled to the housing to maintain temperature of the particles in the interior volume 50° C. to 300° C. below a boiling point of the metal if condensing the metal and 50° C. to 300° C. below a melting point of the metal if depositing the metal;
a collection vessel operably connected to the first outlet; and
a gas collection system in-line with the second outlet, the gas collection system including a vacuum source,
wherein solid moving bed particles flow in a first direction within the condensation or deposition region and the gas-phase material flows in a second direction within the condensation or deposition region.
12. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein:
the first inlet is at a first end of the housing,
the second inlet is at a second end of the housing,
the first outlet is at the second end of the housing, and
the second outlet is at the first end of the housing.
13. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein the vacuum source is operably connected to the second outlet to maintain a partial pressure of any reactive gas in the housing to less than 10,000 pascals.
14. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain the partial pressure of any reactive gas within the housing to less than 5,000 pascals.
15. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein the second inlet is configured to receive gas-phase material comprising one or more metals selected from the group of Zn, Mg, Mn, Sn, Al, Ca, Sb, Na, Bi, Be, Ti, Hf, Zr, Si, and Ge.
16. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain a supersaturation ratio for the metal in the interior volume of about 1 to about 500.
17. The recovery system of claim 11 , wherein the vacuum source is configured to maintain a supersaturation ratio for the metal in the interior volume of about 1 to about 50.
18. The recovery system of claim 11 , further comprising a heat source to heat the supply of moving bed particles.
19. The recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the moving bed particles have an average cross-sectional length ratio relative to a diameter of the housing of between about 3:1 to about 15:1.