Process for the isolation of levulinic acid
A process for the isolation of levulinic acid obtained by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6-carbohydrate-containing feedstock, including the following steps: a) providing a solution 1 comprising at least 5 wt. % of levulinic acid, at least 0.1 wt. % of formic acid and at most 94.9 wt. % of solvent, relative to the total weight of solution 1, b) feeding solution 1 to a first evaporation step to treat solution 1 and to obtain solution 2, comprising at least 25 wt. % of levulinic acid, less than 20 wt. % of solvent and at least 1 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 2, c) feeding solution 2 to a second evaporation step to treat solution 2 and to obtain solution 3, comprising at least 30 wt. % of levulinic acid and less than 1.0 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 3, d) feeding solution 3 to a third evaporation step to treat solution 3 and to obtain levulinic acid with a purity of at least 90 wt. % and containing less than 1000 wppm angelica lactone.
1. A process for the isolation of levulinic acid obtained by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6-carbohydrate-containing feedstock, comprising the following steps:
a) providing a solution 1 comprising at least 5 wt. % of levulinic acid, at least 0.1 wt. % of formic acid and at most 94.9 wt % of solvent, relative to the total weight of solution 1,
b) feeding solution 1 to a first evaporation step to treat solution 1 and to obtain solution 2, comprising at least 25 wt. % of levulinic acid, less than 20 wt. % of solvent and at least 1 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 2,
c) feeding solution 2 to a second evaporation step to treat solution 2 and to obtain solution 3, comprising at least 30 wt. % of levulinic acid and less than 1.0 wt. % of formic acid the total weight of solution 3,
d) feeding solution 3 to a third evaporation step to treat solution 3 and to obtain levulinic acid with a purity of at least 90 wt. % and containing less than 1000 wppm angelica lactone.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein each of steps c and d is performed in 1 evaporator or 2 evaporators.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator or evaporators in the evaporation steps are operated at a liquid temperature between 100 and 200° C.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step b are operated at a pressure between 5-500 kPa.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step c are operated at a pressure between 1-20 kPa.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step d are operated at a pressure between 0.1-7.5 kPa.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein one evaporator is present in each evaporation step and the evaporator in the first evaporation step is a forced circulation evaporator, the evaporator in the second evaporation step is a first agitated film evaporator and the evaporator in the third evaporation step is a second agitated thin film evaporator.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein levulinic acid in solution 1 is present in an amount of at least 10 wt. %, relative to the total weight of solution 1.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the isolation process is a continuous process.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in solution 1 the levulinic acid is present in an amount of at most 60 wt. %.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein during purification of reaction product X in step a no liquid-liquid extraction is used.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein
a) solution 1 is fed to a forced circulation operated at a pressure between 5-500 kPa and at a liquid temperature between 100 and 200° C.,
b) solution 2 is fed to a first agitated thin film evaporator operated at a pressure between 1-20 kPa and at a liquid temperature between 100 and 200° C. and
c) solution 3 is fed to a second agitated thin film evaporator operated at a pressure between 0.1-7.5 kPa and at a liquid temperature between 100 and 200° C.
14. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step b are operated at a pressure between 5-500 kPa, wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step c are operated at a pressure between 1-20 kPa, wherein the evaporator or evaporators in step d are operated at a pressure between 0.1-7.5 kPa, and wherein one evaporator is present in each evaporation step and the evaporator in the first evaporation step is a forced circulation evaporator, the evaporator in the second evaporation step is a first agitated film evaporator and the evaporator in the third evaporation step is a second agitated thin film evaporator.
15. The process according to claim 14 , wherein levulinic acid in solution 1 is present in an amount of at least 10 wt. %, relative to the total weight of solution 1, wherein the isolation process is a continuous process, wherein the solvent is water, wherein in solution 1 the levulinic acid is present in an amount of at most 60 wt. %, and wherein during purification of reaction product X in step a no liquid-liquid extraction is used.