Electrodeposition of Al—Ni alloys and Al/Ni multilayer structures
A method for electrodepositing aluminum and nickel using a single electrolyte solution includes forming a mixture comprising nickel chloride and an organic halide, adding aluminum chloride to the electrolyte solution in an amount at which the mixture becomes an acidic electrolyte solution, providing a working electrode and a counter electrode in the acidic electrolyte solution, and applying a waveform to the counter electrode using cyclic voltammetry to cause aluminum and nickel ions to be deposited on the working electrode.
1. A method for electrodepositing aluminum and nickel using a single electrolyte solution, the method comprising:
forming a mixture consisting of nickel chloride and an organic halide;
adding aluminum chloride to the mixture in an amount at which the molar fraction of aluminum chloride within the mixture is 0.5 or greater such that the mixture becomes an acidic electrolyte solution;
providing a working electrode and a counter electrode in the acidic electrolyte solution; and
applying a waveform to the counter electrode using cyclic voltammetry to cause aluminum and nickel ions to be deposited on the working electrode;
wherein the acidic electrolyte solution is not heated and the deposition of aluminum and nickel ions is performed at room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic halide comprises 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic halide comprises N-[n-Butyl] pyridinium chloride.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic halide comprises trimethylphenylammonium chloride.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a mixture comprises forming a mixture comprising approximately 0.024 to 0.1 M of nickel chloride.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein adding aluminum chloride comprises adding aluminum chloride in a molar ratio of aluminum chloride:organic halide that is no greater than 1.5:1.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a working electrode comprises providing an aluminum, copper, or tungsten electrode in the acidic electrolyte solution.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying a potential of approximately −0.3 V to 0.4 V.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying a waveform having a duty cycle ratio of approximately 1::1 to 9::1.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying a waveform having a frequency of approximately 0.5 to 1 Hz.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying the waveform for approximately 150 to 7200 seconds.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying the waveform in a manner in which an aluminum-nickel alloy is deposited on the working electrode.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aluminum-nickel alloy comprises at least approximately 90% aluminum by weight percentage.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a waveform comprises applying the waveform in a manner in which a multilayer structure is formed having alternating layers of aluminum and nickel.