Cetylated fatty acids, system for the preparation thereof and use thereof
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a mixture of cetylated fatty acids and a system for carrying out said process. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition comprising, or alternatively, consisting of said mixture of cetylated fatty acids. Finally, the present invention relates to said composition for use in the treatment and/or prevention of: (i) rheumatoid arthritis of inflammatory and non-inflammatory origin, in particular osteoarthritis; (ii) other inflammatory joint conditions; (iii) psoriasis, lupus, periodontal diseases or cardiovascular or heart diseases; (iv) all post-traumatic osteoarticular pathologies including sports injuries; (v) all degenerative joint pathologies (arthrosis, gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis, etc.), and (vi) inflammatory-traumatic tendon and muscular conditions. Furthermore, it is envisaged that the composition of the present invention be used in the treatment and/or prevention of the above-mentioned pathologies and disorders (i)-(vi) in association with a rehabilitative therapy. The composition comprising said mixture is formulated in a pharmaceutical form for oral use (novel food, supplement or medical device), i.e. in the form of a pill, pastille, capsule, tablet, granules, dispersible powder, syrup, solution or sprayable solution; for topical use, i.e. in the form of a cream, unguent, ointment, gel or spray to be used as such for application on the skin, or else for trans dermal use in the form of a patch.
1. A process for preparing a mixture of cetylated fatty acids (MI) comprising the steps of:
placing in contact, in a container ( 3 ) of a reactor ( 2 ), at least one fatty acid selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of myristic acid, oleic acid or mixtures thereof, with a cetyl alcohol and a metal catalyst, in the absence of a solvent, so as to yield a reaction mixture ( 15 );
heating said reaction mixture ( 15 ) to a reaction temperature comprised from 150° C. to 200° C. and a reaction pressure of about 1 atmosphere, so as to give rise to an esterification reaction with the initial formation of esters of cetylated fatty acids and esterification water;
allowing said reaction mixture ( 15 ) to react for a reaction time comprised from 1 hour to 8 hours until completion of said esterification reaction so as to obtain the complete formation of a mixture of cetylated fatty acids (MI) and the complete removal of said esterification water, the latter being achieved by introducing a flow of inert gas into the container ( 3 ) of said reactor ( 2 ) for the whole reaction time.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said complete removal of esterification water is achieved by maintaining the reaction pressure constant at about 1 atm and introducing said flow of inert gas, via a blowing means ( 7 ), into the portion of volume above the reaction mixture ( 15 ), thus allowing the esterification water to be drawn out of the container ( 3 ).
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the esterification water drawn out of the container ( 3 ) during the esterification reaction at a constant reaction pressure is condensed in a horizontal condenser ( 11 ) and collected in a container ( 13 ).
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said complete removal of esterification water is achieved by using a vacuum program that applies a reduction in the reaction pressure in a non-linear manner and introducing said flow of inert gas, via the blowing means ( 7 ), into the reaction mixture ( 15 ), thus allowing the esterification water to be drawn out of the container ( 3 ).
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the vacuum program applies a reduction in the reaction pressure to 600 mbar after the first hour of reaction in a non-linear manner.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the esterification water, drawn out of the container ( 3 ) during the esterification reaction with the vacuum program, is condensed in a horizontal condenser ( 11 ) and collected in a container ( 13 ) after having passed through a vertical condenser ( 16 ).
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein said condenser ( 11 ) is maintained at a temperature comprised from 10° C. to 40° C. and is connected to said container ( 3 ) via the vertical condenser ( 16 ).
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture of cetylated fatty acids (MI) is subjected to a subsequent refinement treatment, which comprises diatomaceous earth filtration in a filter press ( 23 ), so as to yield a filtered mixture Mf in which the metal catalyst present therein is removed or greatly reduced in amount.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the filtered mixture Mf is treated in a reactor ( 27 ), at a temperature comprised from 150° C. to 200° C. and a pressure comprised from 5 mbar to 15 mbar in the presence of water vapour for a period of time comprised from 1 hour to 5 hours, so as to yield a final refined mixture (MF) based on cetylated fatty acids.