Process to prepare hydroxymethylfurfural derivatives
The invention relates generally to the preparation of hydroxymethyl furfural derivatives such as 5-carboxymethyl furfural derivatives, ethers such as 5-alkoxymethyl furfural derivatives, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, levulinic acid, levulinic acid esters, and/or formic acid, formic acid esters from sugar.
1. A method for making an HMF derivative, the method comprising the steps of:
providing sugar;
providing a carboxylic acid, alcohol, or ketone;
combining the sugar with the carboxylic acid, alcohol, or ketone to form a mixture; and
heating the mixture in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 220° C. to provide a composition comprising the HMF derivative and between 0% and about 1% solid char.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises HMF or levulinic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar is high fructose corn syrup, sucrose or inulin.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst.
5. The method of claim 1 , the mixture further comprising a co-solvent.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the co-solvent is a hydrocarbon that contain a heteroatom.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the co-solvent is cyclohexane, DMSO, toluene, or THF.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the co-solvent is between about 0.1 to about 95% by weight of the mixture.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar is between about 0.1 to about 50% by weight of the mixture.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid, alcohol, or ketone is between about 0.1 to about 99.9% by weight of the mixture.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid, alcohol or ketone and sugar each contain less than about 5000 ppm of water prior to mixing.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated in the presence of a catalyst to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 100° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises sugar acetate, sugar ether, sugar ketals, or sugar acetonides.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a batch reactor.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is greater than 50% selective to forming a combination of HMF-acetate, or HMF-ether, HMF, and LA and/or LA ester versus tar and char.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar and sugar acetate, sugar ether, or sugar acetonide conversion does not exceed 75% conversion during the reaction.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the HMF-derivative into a second product.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of extracting the carboxylic acid, alcohol or ketone from any water and sugar after the reaction before it is recycled back into the reactor.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of removing any soluble tars from the sugar, sugar acetates, sugar ethers, sugar acetonides, or sugar ketals by precipitation into water or another co-solvent.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of removing any soluble tars from the sugar, sugar acetates, sugar ethers, sugar acetonides, or sugar ketals by extraction into an extraction solvent.