Optical assemblies including a spacer adhering directly to a substrate
This disclosure describes optical assemblies that can be fabricated, for example, using wafer-level processes. The process can include providing a wafer stack that includes an optics wafer, and molding spacers directly onto the surface of the optics wafer. The spacers can be molded, for example, using a vacuum injection technique such that they adhere to the optics wafer without adhesive.
1. A wafer-level method of fabricating optical assemblies, the method comprising:
providing a wafer stack that includes a plurality of wafers stacked one over the other, the plurality of wafers including an optics wafer;
after providing the wafer stack, subsequently molding spacers directly onto a surface of the optics wafer, wherein the spacers adhere to the surface of the optics wafer without adhesive; and
forming the spacers by vacuum injection, wherein the vacuum injection includes injecting epoxy into spaces defined by a vacuum injection tool, wherein during the vacuum injection, a portion of the epoxy is disposed around lateral side edges of the provided wafer stack.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein, during the vacuum injection, some of the epoxy is disposed along the lateral side edges of the optics wafer.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein, during the vacuum injection, some of the epoxy is disposed along a surface of the wafer stack at an end of the wafer stack opposite that of the optics wafer.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein, during the vacuum injection, some of the epoxy is disposed along the lateral side edges of the optics wafer and some of the epoxy is disposed along a surface of the wafer stack at an end of the wafer stack opposite that of the optics wafer.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the wafer stack includes a spacer wafer, and wherein the spacers formed by the vacuum injection are aligned with spacer regions of the spacer wafer.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the optics wafer is composed of a material selected from a group consisting of: glass, polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the optics wafer includes passive optical elements on at least one of its surfaces.
8. The method of claim 1 including:
curing the epoxy; and
separating the wafer stack into a plurality of optical assemblies.
9. An optical assembly comprising:
first and second substrates separated from one another by a first spacer having an opening, wherein the substrates are transparent to a particular wavelength or range of wavelengths, the first spacer being attached directly to a surface of the first substrate and to a surface of the second substrate to form a wafer stack;
a beam shaping element on at least one of the substrates; and
a second spacer attached directly to a surface of the second substrate such that the first and second spacers are on opposite sides of the second substrate,
wherein the second spacer adheres to the surface of the second substrate without adhesive, wherein the second spacer includes a vacuum injected epoxy material and is molded on the surface of the second substrate, and wherein a portion of the epoxy material is disposed around the lateral side edges of the wafer stack, and
wherein outer lateral dimensions of the first and second substrates and the first and second spacers are the same as one another.
10. The optical assembly of claim 9 wherein the first and second substrates are composed of a material selected from a group consisting of: glass, polymer.
11. The optical assembly of claim 9 including a respective beam shaping element on each of the first and second substrates.