Security system for solid-state electronics
In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, mechanical systems incorporating movable microelectromechanical (MEMS)-based features, e.g., cantilevers or suspended micron- and submicron-scale beams are utilized to secure solid-state devices such as controllers, microcontrollers, central processing units (CPUs), solid-state storage drives, and memory cards. In various embodiments of the invention, the beams are double-clamped, initially curved (or “pre-buckled”) segments that are provided within the solid-state device (e.g., on the top layer thereof) prior to encapsulation and packaging of the device.
1. A solid-state device comprising:
microcircuitry including a pair of electrically isolated conductors;
a beam substrate;
one or more beams each suspended from the beam substrate and in contact with, and short-circuiting, the conductors to thereby prevent operation of the microcircuitry, each beam being responsive to an unlocking signal to deflect away from, and out of contact with, the conductors;
a controller for providing the unlocking signal to each beam; and
for each beam, (i) a sense electrode for sensing a position of the beam, and (ii) one or more actuating electrodes for deflecting the beam.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to permanently disable the device if a sense electrode senses (i) removal of at least a portion of a beam, (ii) defection of the beam of a magnitude greater than that resulting from the unlocking signal, or (iii) contact between the sense electrode and a beam.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the unlocking signal is a two-step signal defined by
V ( t )= V 1 H ( t )−( V 1 −V 2 ) H ( t−t 1 ),
wherein V 1 is a first applied voltage applied for a time t 1 , V 2 is a second applied voltage applied after time t 1 , and H(t) is the Heaviside step function.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the conductors comprises an input/output contact for the microcircuitry.
5. A memory device comprising:
a memory array comprising (i) a plurality of data-storage locations, and (ii) a plurality of bit lines for accessing the plurality of data-storage locations;
a beam substrate; and
one or more beams each (i) having first and second opposed ends each anchored to the beam substrate and (ii) being dual-suspended from the beam substrate and in contact with two or more bit lines,
wherein each beam is responsive to an unlocking signal to deflect away from, and out of contact with, the two or more bit lines.
6. The memory device of claim 5 , further comprising a controller for providing the unlocking signal to each beam.
7. The memory device of claim 5 , wherein the unlocking signal is a two-step signal defined by
V ( t )= V 1 H ( t )−( V 1 −V 2 ) H ( t−t 1 )
wherein V 1 is a first applied voltage applied for a time t 1 , V 2 is a second applied voltage applied after time t 1 , and H(t) is the Heaviside step function.
8. A memory device comprising:
a memory array comprising (i) a plurality of data-storage locations, and (ii) a plurality of bit lines for accessing the plurality of data-storage locations;
a beam substrate;
one or more beams each suspended from the beam substrate and in contact with two or more bit lines, each beam being responsive to an unlocking signal to deflect away from, and out of contact with, the two or more bit lines;
a controller for providing the unlocking signal to each beam; and
for each beam, (i) a sense electrode for sensing a position of the beam, and (ii) one or more actuating electrodes for deflecting the beam.
9. The memory device of claim 8 , wherein the controller is configured to erase the memory array if a sense electrode senses (i) removal of at least a portion of a beam, (ii) defection of the beam of a magnitude greater than that resulting from the unlocking signal, or (iii) contact between the sense electrode and a beam.
10. A method of utilizing a memory array locked by one or more beams suspended over a substrate, the method comprising:
applying an unlocking signal to one or more beams each (i) having first and second opposed ends each anchored to the substrate and (ii) being dual-suspended over the memory array, thereby unlocking the memory array; and
thereafter, accessing data stored in the memory array.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the unlocking signal is a two-step signal defined by
V ( t )= V 1 H ( t )−( V 1 −V 2 ) H ( t−t 1 ),
wherein V 1 is a first applied voltage applied for a time t 1 , V 2 is a second applied voltage applied after time t 1 , and H(t) is the Heaviside step function.
12. A method of utilizing a memory array locked by one or more suspended beams, the method comprising:
applying an unlocking signal to one or more beams suspended over the memory array, thereby unlocking the memory array; and
thereafter, accessing data stored in the memory array, wherein:
the one or more beams are each in contact with one or more bit lines of the memory array prior to application of the unlocking signal, and
the one or more beams each do not contact the one or more bit lines during application of the unlocking signal.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein applying a signal other than the unlocking signal to one or more beams results in at least one of (i) failure to unlock the memory device or (ii) erasure of data stored on the device.