Ionic liquid-based absorption cooling system with high coefficient of performance
An absorption refrigeration system (ARS), includes a sorbent-refrigerant pair that has an ionic liquid (IL) sorbent and a refrigerant that displays a lower critical lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at a temperature of 50 to 100° C., wherein the separation of the sorbent from the refrigerant occurs upon heating the sorbent-refrigerant pair to a temperature above the LCST. This liquid-liquid phase separation requires significantly less energy to desorb the refrigerant from the sorbent than vapor-liquid phase separation in traditional ABSs.
1. An absorption refrigeration system (ARS), comprising:
a sorbent-refrigerant pair, the sorbent-refrigerant pair comprising one or more ionic liquids (ILs) comprising at least:
an anion selected from a group consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Tf 2 N] − ), SbF 6 , B(C 6 H 3 ) 4 − , SO 3 F − , and CHB 11 F 11 , and
a cation selected from among a group consisting of hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl ammonium cations, hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl phosphonium cations, dialkylimidazolium cations, trialkylimidazolium cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, tetraalkylphosphonium cations, N,N-dialkylpyrrolidinium cations, and combinations thereof; and
a liquid-liquid separator, wherein the sorbent-refrigerant pair undergoes a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at a temperature of between 30° C. and 200° C.
2. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl ammonium cations, are [N x y z wOH ] + cations where x, y, and z are independently C 1 to C 12 alkyl, and wOH is a C 2 to C 12 hydroxyalkyl group with w hydroxyl groups.
3. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 2 , wherein wOH is 2OH.
4. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl phosphonium cations, are [P x y z wOH ] + cations where x, y, and z are independently C 1 to C 12 alkyl, and wOH is a C 2 to C 12 hydroxyalkyl group with w hydroxyl groups.
5. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the dialkylimidazolium cations and trialkylimiazolium cations are selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim] + ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim] + ), 2,3-dimethyl-1-ethylimidazolium ([emmim] + ) and 2,3-dimethyl-1-propylimidazolium ([pmmim] + ).
6. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the ILs are the tetraalkylammonium cations, the tetraalkylphosphonium cations, and/or the N,N-dialkylpyrrolidinium cations, wherein the alkyls are independently C 1 to C 12 alkyl and wherein the alkyls can be interrupted one or more times by oxygens.
7. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant is water, an alcohol, or an ether.
8. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 7 , wherein the alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, cyclopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, cyclobutanol, any methyl substituted propanol, any pentanol, cyclopentanol, any methyl substituted butanol, any dimethyl substituted propanol, any ethyl substituted propanol, any hexanol, cyclohexanol, any methyl substituted cyclopentanol, any dimethyl substituted cyclobutanol, any ethyl substituted cyclobutanol, any trimethyl substituted propanol, any methyl,ethyl substituted propanol, or any propyl substituted propanol.
9. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 7 , wherein the ether is selected from diethyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, di-i-propyl ether, methyl-propyl ether, ethyl-propyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran.
10. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 1 , wherein the LCST between 50° and 100° C.
11. An absorption refrigeration system (ARS), comprising a sorbent-refrigerant pair and a liquid-liquid separator, wherein the sorbent-refrigerant pair comprises at least one ionic liquid (IL) and undergoes a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at a temperature between 30° C. and 200° C., wherein the at least one IL comprises one or more dialkylimidazolium cations and one or more non-nucleophilic hexafluorophosphate anions.
12. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one IL further comprises one of hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl ammonium cations, hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl phosphonium cations, trialkylimidazolium cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, tetraalkylphosphonium cations, N,N-dialkylpyrrolidinium cations, and combinations thereof.
13. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 12 , wherein the hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl ammonium cations, are [N x y z wOH ] + cations where x, y, and z are independently C 1 to C 12 alkyl, and wOH is a C 2 to C 12 hydroxyalkyl group with w hydroxyl groups.
14. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 13 , wherein wOH is 2OH.
15. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 12 , wherein the dialkylimidazolium cations and trialkylimiazolium cations are selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim] + ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim] + ), 2,3-dimethyl-1-ethylimidazolium ([emmim] + ) and 2,3-dimethyl-1-propylimidazolium ([pmmim] + ).
16. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) according to claim 11 , wherein the refrigerant is water or an alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, cyclopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, cyclobutanol, any methyl substituted propanol, any pentanol, cyclopentanol, any methyl substituted butanol, any dimethyl substituted propanol, any ethyl substituted propanol, any hexanol, cyclohexanol, any methyl substituted cyclopentanol, any dimethyl substituted cyclobutanol, any ethyl substituted cyclobutanol, any trimethyl substituted propanol, any methyl,ethyl substituted propanol, or any propyl substituted propanol.
17. An absorption refrigeration system (ARS), comprising a sorbent-refrigerant pair and a liquid-liquid separator, wherein the sorbent-refrigerant pair comprises at least one ionic liquid (IL) and undergoes a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at a temperature between 30° C. and 200° C., wherein the at least one IL comprises one or more alkylimidazolium cations and one or more non-nucleophilic hexafluorophosphate anions, and wherein the refrigerant comprises an alcohol or water.
18. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) of claim 17 , wherein the alkylimidazolium cation is selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim] + ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim] + ), 2,3-dimethyl-1-ethylimidazolium ([emmim] + ) and 2,3-dimethyl-1-propylimidazolium ([pmmim] + ).
19. The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) of claim 17 , wherein the at least one IL further comprises hydroxyl functionalized tetraalkyl phosphonium cations, trialkylimidazolium cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, tetraalkylphosphonium cations, N,N-dialkylpyrrolidinium cations, and combinations thereof.