Gasoline particulate filter
A catalytic wall-flow monolith filter having three-way catalytic activity for use in an emission treatment system of a positive ignition internal combustion engine comprising a porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction there between and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous, wherein a first on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is present on at least the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels, wherein the catalytic material on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises one or more platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of (i) rhodium (Rh) only; (ii) palladium (Pd) only; (iii) platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh); (iv) palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh); and (v) platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) and a refractory metal oxide support, wherein: (i) an amount by weight of the one or more platinum group metal, per unit volume of the on-wall coating present on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels varies continually along the longitudinal direction; and/or (ii) the layer thickness of the on-wall coating present on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels varies continually along the longitudinal direction.
1. A catalytic wall-flow monolith filter having three-way catalytic activity for use in an emission treatment system of a positive ignition internal combustion engine, wherein the wall-flow monolith filter comprises a porous filter substrate,
the porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction therebetween and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction,
wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous,
wherein a first on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is present on at least the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels,
wherein the catalytic material on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises one or more platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of (i) rhodium (Rh) only; (ii) palladium (Pd) only; (iii) platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh); (iv) palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh); and (v) platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) and a refractory metal oxide support, wherein:
the layer thickness of the on-wall coating present on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels varies continually along the longitudinal direction and the layer thickness of the on-wall coating is from 10 to 150 microns.
2. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum layer thickness present on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels is at the open end of the first plurality of channels.
3. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises Pd:Rh at a ratio of 1:1 or higher.
4. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises Pd as the only platinum group metal.
5. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises Rh as the only platinum group metal.
6. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels comprises an oxygen storage component (OSC).
7. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 6 , wherein the OSC comprises ceria; a mixed oxide comprising ceria; a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium; a mixed oxide of cerium, zirconium, and neodymium; a mixed oxide of praseodymium and zirconium; a mixed oxide of cerium, zirconium and praseodymium; or a mixed oxide of praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, zirconium and neodymium.
8. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 7 , wherein the praseodymium is present at 2-10 wt % based on the total content of the mixed oxide.
9. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein an on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is further provided on the wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels,
wherein an on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is present on the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels,
wherein the catalytic material on channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels comprises one or more platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of (i) rhodium (Rh) only; (ii) palladium (Pd) only; (iii) platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh); (iv) palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh); and (v) platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) and a refractory metal oxide support, and wherein:
the layer thickness of the on-wall coating present on channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels varies continually along the longitudinal direction and the layer thickness of the on-wall coating is from 10 to 150 microns.
10. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein a maximum layer thickness present on channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels is at the open end of the second plurality of channels.
11. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels, the second on-wall coating of the first plurality of channels or the in-wall coating comprises Pd:Rh at a ratio of 1:1 or higher.
12. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels, in the second on-wall coating of the first plurality of channels or in the in-wall coating comprises Pd as the only platinum group metal and is different from the platinum group metal or combination of platinum group metals in the first plurality of channels or in the first on-wall coating of the first plurality of channels.
13. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein the catalytic material on the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels, in the second on-wall coating of the first plurality of channels comprises Rh as the only platinum group metal and is different from the platinum group metal or combination of platinum group metals in the first plurality of channels or in the first on-wall coating of the first plurality of channels.
14. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein a composition of the catalytic material in the first plurality of channels is the same as that in the second plurality of channels, in the second on-wall coating in the first plurality of channels or in the in-wall coating.
15. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 9 , wherein the catalytic material on channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels or the in-wall coating comprises an oxygen storage component (OSC).
16. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 15 , wherein the OSC is ceria, a mixed oxide comprising ceria; a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium; a mixed oxide of cerium, zirconium, and neodymium; a mixed oxide of praseodymium and zirconium; a mixed oxide of cerium, zirconium and praseodymium; or a mixed oxide of praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, zirconium and neodymium.
17. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the refractory metal oxide support comprises alumina or doped alumina.
18. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the layer thickness of the on-wall coating is from 10 to 100 microns.
19. The catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the layer thickness of the on-wall coating is from 20 to 50 microns.
20. An emission treatment system for treating a flow of a combustion exhaust gas from a positive ignition internal combustion engine, the system comprising the catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , wherein the first face is disposed upstream from the second face.
21. A method of manufacturing a catalytic wall-flow monolith filter according to claim 1 , comprising:
providing a porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction therebetween and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction,
wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous,
contacting the first face of the porous filter substrate with a liquid slurry washcoat containing a catalytic material; drawing the liquid slurry washcoat into the first plurality of channels by application of a vacuum, wherein at least one of: a liquid catalytic washcoat solids content; a liquid catalytic washcoat rheology; a porosity of the porous filter substrate; a mean pore size of the porous filter substrate; a liquid catalytic washcoat volumetric mean particle size; and a liquid catalytic washcoat D90 (by volume), is pre-selected so that at least some of the catalytic material remains on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels or both remains on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and permeates channel walls of the first plurality of channels; and drying and calcining the coated filter substrate, wherein the catalytic material in the liquid slurry washcoat comprises one or more platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of (i) rhodium (Rh) only; (ii) palladium (Pd) only; (iii) platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh); (iv) palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh); and (v) platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) and a refractory metal oxide support, such that:
the layer thickness of the on-wall coating present on channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels varies continually along the longitudinal direction and the layer thickness of the on-wall coating is from 10 to 150 microns.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the first face is disposed uppermost, the liquid slurry washcoat is applied to the first face and the vacuum is applied from the second face.
23. A method of treating a combustion exhaust gas from a positive ignition internal combustion engine containing oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO) unburned hydrocarbon fuel (HC) and particulate matter (PM), which method comprising contacting the exhaust gas with the catalytic wall flow filter according to claim 1 .