Coalescent ink
The present disclosure is drawn to coalescent inks and material sets, such as for 3D printing. In one example, the coalescent ink can include a conjugated polymer, a colorant imparting a visible color to the coalescent ink, and an ink vehicle comprising a high boiling point co-solvent having a boiling point of 250° C. or greater. The high boiling point co-solvent can be present in an amount from about 1 wt % to about 4 wt % with respect to the coalescent ink.
1. A coalescent ink, comprising:
a conjugated polymer;
a colorant imparting a visible color to the coalescent ink, wherein the visible color is cyan, magenta, yellow, black, red, blue, green, orange, or violet; and
an ink vehicle comprising a high boiling point co-solvent having a boiling point of 250° C. or greater, the high boiling point co-solvent present in an amount from about 1 wt % to about 4 wt % with respect to the coalescent ink.
2. The coalescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is a water-dispersible conjugated polymer.
3. The coalescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer has a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm.
4. The coalescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer does not substantially alter the visible color of the coalescent ink.
5. The coalescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the colorant is a dye.
6. The coalescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) present at a concentration from about 0.02 wt % to about 10 wt % in the coalescent ink.
7. The coalescent ink of claim 6 , wherein the coalescent ink, when jetted onto polymer particles in a sufficient amount to imparts a visible color, provides a concentration of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) from about 0.0003 wt % to about 5 wt % with respect to the polymer particles.
8. The coalescent ink of claim 7 , wherein the colorant is a pigment having a concentration from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % in the coalescent ink.
9. A material set, comprising:
a coalescent ink according to claim 1 and
a particulate polymer formulated to coalesce when contacted by the coalescent ink and irradiated by a near-infrared energy emitting the peak absorption wavelength.
10. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the conjugated polymer comprises a dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) in water.
11. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the coalescent ink further comprises a colorant imparting a visible color to the coalescent ink.
12. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the particulate polymer is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6 powder, nylon 9 powder, nylon 11 powder, nylon 12 powder, nylon 66 powder, nylon 612 powder, polyethylene powder, thermoplastic polyurethane powder, polypropylene powder, polyester powder, polycarbonate powder, polyether ketone powder, polyacrylate powder, polystyrene powder, and mixtures thereof.
13. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the particulate polymer has a melting or softening point from about 70° C. to about 350° C.
14. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the coalescent ink, when printed on a portion of the particulate polymer, has a sufficient temperature boosting capacity so that the printed portion of the particulate polymer increases in temperature by at least 10° C. more than a non-printed portion of particulate polymer when both the printed portion and the non-printed portion are irradiated with a wavelength of about 800 nm to about 1400 nm.
15. The material set of claim 9 , wherein the conjugated polymer has a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm.
16. A method for forming a 3-dimensional printed part, comprising:
preheating a bed of particulate polymer to about 10° C. to about 70° C. below a melting point or softening point of the particulate polymer;
jetting a coalescent ink according to claim 1 onto a portion of the bed of particulate polymer,
irradiating the bed of particulate polymer with a fusing lamp configured to emit a wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm to cause the portion of the bed of particulate polymer to fuse;
adding a layer of particulate polymer to the portion after fusing; and
repeating the jetting, irradiating, and adding steps to form a part.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fusing lamp is configured to expose the entire bed of particulate polymer to a substantially uniform irradiation intensity.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the conjugated polymer has a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm.