Public key infrastructure and method of distribution
The invention provides a computer-implemented method for validating the respective identities of co-operating entities on a computer network, and comprises generating, transmitting or exchanging a signed digital certificate. The certificate includes a public key associated with an entity on the network; and an arbitrary identifier associated with the public key. The identifier is arbitrary such that the identity of the entity cannot be, or is unlikely to be, discerned from the identifier alone; and/or its generation is random or pseudo-random; and/or selection of the identifier is not related to the identity of the entity or the public key. The certificate is generated and issued by a Certificate Authority in response to a Certificate Signing Request from the entity. In order to validate each other's identities, entities on a network exchange their arbitrary identifiers. Preferably, the exchange is conducted in person or some other manner which enables or facilitates detection of a man-in-the-middle attack, or reduces the likelihood of such an attack. The invention provides a lightweight public key infrastructure which includes a certificate authority arranged to generate the arbitrary identifier and sign and issue the digital certificate. It also comprises a discovery service component to: access and/or update a register of entities in response to a registration request from an entity on a network; record the location of an entity on a computer network based on registration made using the digital certificate; and/or introduce entities to one another. The discovery service component is also arranged to transmit a network address and/or reachability information for an entity on a network to another entity.
1. A computer-implemented method for validating respective identities of first and at least a second co-operating entities on a computer network, the method comprising:
generating a signed digital certificate comprising:
a first public key associated with the first co-operating entity on the computer network; and
a first arbitrary identifier associated with the first public key;
transmitting the first signed digital certificate to the first entity on the computer network;
generating a second signed digital certificate comprising:
a second public key associated with the second co-operating entity on the computer network; and
a second arbitrary identifier associated with the second public key;
transmitting the signed digital certificate to the second entity on the computer network;
providing the first signed digital certificate to a Discovery Service;
providing the second signed digital certificate to the Discovery Service; and
using the Discovery Service to locate and connect the first and second co-operating entities after the first and second co-operating entities have each received each other's arbitrary identifiers.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second arbitrary identifier is arbitrary such that the identity of the first entity and the second co-operating entity cannot be discerned from the identifier alone and its generation is random or pseudo-random.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second digital certificate is generated and/or issued by a Certificate Authority;
the first and second digital certificate is generated in response to a Certificate Signing Request; and/or
the first and second digital certificate is transmitted from said first or second co-operating entity to at least one other co-operating entity on the network.
4. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
generating the first and second arbitrary identifier using information selected from the group consisting of i) a dictionary, ii) a hash or obfuscation function, iii) a random or pseudo-random data source, iv) first-come-first-served basis, and/or v) an incrementing counter.
5. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving the first and second arbitrary identifiers by the first and second co-operating entities.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein:
the receiving the first and second arbitrary identifiers is conducted in person or some other manner which enables or facilitates detection of a man-in-the-middle attack, or reduces the likelihood of such an attack.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first entity and the second entity each provide an indication of knowledge of the private key associated with their public key.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein:
the indication of knowledge is provided to i) a Certificate Authority as part of a Certificate Signing Request and/or ii) at least one other entity as part of a validation or certificate exchange process and/or iii) the Discovery Service and/or iv) relay services to a plurality of entities on a computer network.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first arbitrary identifier is short relative to the first public key; and
the second arbitrary identifier is short relative to the second public key.
10. A network of systems comprising:
an entity system and at least one co-operating entity system coupled together by a data communication network, wherein the entity system and co-operating entity system each comprise a computing device;
a certificate authority system and a discovery service system coupled to the data communication network, wherein the certificate authority system and the discovery service system comprise at least one computer device; and
wherein the certificate authority system is configured to generate a signed digital certificate for the entity system and communicate the signed digital certificate to the entity system, wherein the signed digital certificate for the entity system includes i) a first public key associated with the entity system and having a corresponding private key and ii) a first arbitrary identifier associated with the first public key,
wherein the certificate authority system is configured to generate a signed digital certificate for the co-operating entity system and communicate the signed digital certificate to the co-operating entity system, wherein the signed digital certificate for the co-operating entity system includes i) a second public key associated with the co-operating entity system and having a corresponding private key and ii) a second arbitrary identifier associated with the second public key, and
wherein the entity system is configured to provide the first signed digital certificate to the discovery service system, the co-operating entity system is configured to provide the second signed digital certificate to the discovery service system, and the discovery service system is used to locate and connect the entity system and the co-operating entity system after the entity and co-operating entity systems have each received each other's arbitrary identifiers.
11. A network of systems according to claim 10 , wherein:
the certificate authority system is arranged and configured to generate the signed digital certificate of the entity system in response to a Certificate Signing Request from the entity system; and
the certificate authority system is arranged and configured to generate the signed digital certificate of the co-operating entity system in response to a Certificate Signing Request from the co-operating entity system; and
the certificate authority system is arranged and configured to maintain a record of digital certificates generated by the certificate authority system.
12. A network of systems according to claim 10 , wherein:
the discovery service system is arranged to provide directory, registration and/or relay services to a plurality of entity systems on the data communication network.
13. A network of systems according to claim 10 , wherein:
the discovery service system is arranged and configured to access and/or update a register of entities in response to a registration request from an entity system on the data communication network.
14. A network of systems according to claim 10 , wherein:
the discovery service system is arranged to i) record location of an entity system on the data communication network based on registration made using a digital certificate of the entity system and/or ii) introduce entity systems to one another.
15. A network of systems according to claim 10 , wherein:
the discovery service system is arranged to transmit a network address and/or reachability information for an entity system on the data communication network to another entity system.