Producing pressurized and heated fluids using a fuel cell
A method of producing temperature and pressure conditioned fluids using a fuel cell. The fuel cell generates an anode exhaust stream of water vapour and carbon dioxide. The water in the exhaust stream is condensed and separated to produce a stream of water and a stream of carbon dioxide. A first portion of the stream of water is heated to produce a stream of steam, which is combined with the fuel to form the anode input stream. A stream of condensed carbon dioxide is obtained by condensing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the stream of carbon dioxide. At least one fluid is heated and compressed to a target temperature and pressure for each fluid, the at least one fluid comprising a second portion of the stream of water or at least a portion of the condensed carbon dioxide.
1. A method of producing temperature and pressure conditioned fluids using a fuel cell, the fuel cell having an anode inlet, an anode exhaust, a cathode inlet, and a cathode exhaust, the method comprising the steps of:
operating the fuel cell to generate an anode exhaust stream comprising water vapour vapor and carbon dioxide;
condensing and separating the water vapor from the anode exhaust stream to produce a stream of water and a stream of carbon dioxide;
heating a first portion of the stream of water to produce a stream of steam;
combining the stream of steam and the fuel to form the anode input stream;
obtaining a stream of condensed carbon dioxide by condensing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the stream of carbon dioxide; and
heating and pressurizing at least one fluid to a target temperature and pressure for each fluid, the at least one fluid comprising at least one of a second portion of the stream of water and at least a portion of the condensed carbon dioxide.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the stream of water and the at least a portion of the condensed carbon dioxide are each heated to a respective target temperature and pressure.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired temperature and pressure comprises a supercritical state of the at least one fluid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target temperature and pressure comprises a temperature and pressure suitable to enhance oil production.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel of the anode input stream comprises a stream of hydrocarbons.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the stream of hydrocarbons is obtained from a supply of natural gas, the supply of natural gas being used as a refrigerant to condense the portion of the carbon dioxide to form the stream of condensed carbon dioxide.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the supply of natural gas is a liquid natural gas (LNG) tank.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the supply of natural gas is a pressurized stream of natural gas, and wherein the pressurized stream of natural gas is expanded and cooled to produce cold temperatures.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the supply of natural gas is passed through at least one of a refrigeration plant, and a condenser and air cooler.
10. The method claim 1 , wherein the target temperature and pressure are controlled to meet desired fluid properties using a pressure enthalpy diagram of each fluid.
11. The method claim 1 , wherein, after condensing, the stream of carbon dioxide is separated into the stream of condensed carbon dioxide and a cathode stream of carbon dioxide.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of combining oxygen and the cathode stream of carbon dioxide to form the cathode input stream.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein forming the cathode input stream comprises combining the first stream of carbon dioxide and atmospheric air.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the anode exhaust stream further comprises residual hydrogen, and wherein the cathode stream of carbon dioxide further comprises the residual hydrogen.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the cathode input stream further comprises preheating the first stream of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a combustion heater that is fuelled by a hydrocarbon and the residual hydrogen.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of supplying carbon dioxide for the cathode input stream from a source of captured carbon dioxide.